Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Eliseev YuYu, Chekhomov SYu, Eliseeva YuV

Current approach to sanitary and hygienic measures in various parts of the national health care system should create new challenges aimed at practical prevention in the context of the safety of people from the environmental carcinogenic factors. The effective Russian SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 regulates hygienic requirements for the safety of environmental factors for humans; inter alia, the documents lists biological carcinogens and carcinogenic lifestyle factors. The efforts of sanitary specialists in general and employees of Rospotrebnadzor in particular aimed at prevention of harmful impact of the existing carcinogenic factors shall be more effective if the available information on the potentially dangerous biological agents of carcinogenesis is more complete. This paper reviews the modern sanitary and hygienic aspects of carcinogenic factors of biological nature, and describes the causes of oncological diseases caused by them as well as the respective prognosis. Viruses, bacteria and trematodes, whose participation in the occurrence and development of a specific cancer is an established fact, are posed as etiological agents of the carcinogenic hazard biological factors present for a human being.

Received: 2024-04-22

Published online: 2024-12-02

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.112

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VIEWS 286

Aminova OS, Tyatenkova NN

In the light of the issue, specifically health preservation in students, the development and introduction of the program for shaping healthy lifestyle and health improvement in student youth seems relevant, which constitutes the objective of the paper. Considering the data of the analytical literature review and the results of our study involving assessment of behavioral health risk factors in young adults, the program focused on shaping healthy lifestyle and health improvement in individuals engaged in educational process was developed and introduced at the Yaroslavl State Medical University. The program brings together five workstreams: optimization of training conditions and regime, assessment of lifestyle and the related risk factors, health culture development, sport and wellness activities, health services management. The program developed includes medical and hygienic, educational, sport and wellness health preservation technologies.

Received: 2024-01-24

Published online: 2024-12-01

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.111

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VIEWS 587

The relevance of the study results from high significance of nutrition and the growing interest of today’s researchers in the phenomenon of orthorexia nervosa (ON) as an obsessive desire for healthy, proper diet. The study aimed to assess ON severity in students. The students’ anthropometric measurements (body height, body weight), body mass index (Quetelet Index), ON severity based on the ORTO-15 questionnaire, features of the diet based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire were assessed, with subsequent statistical processing of the results. High prevalence of ON among both girls and young men (80.2% of the respondents) was shown. Furthermore, there were no differences in the ON phenomenon severity between young men and girls, and the relationship between the ON severity and the anthropometric measurements was non-significant (p > 0.05). Food selectivity associated with the phenomenon of ON was found in 3.3% of cases. Imbalanced diet was found in the majority of the respondents. The study has made it possible to conclude that the subjects constitute the group at risk of eating disorders. Further research is needed to accurately diagnose ON and reveal the relationship between ON and possible risk factors of this condition.

Received: 2023-10-24

Published online: 2024-11-25

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.110

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VIEWS 310

Solovyova JuV, Paunova SS, Markelova SV, Kirillova AV, Skoblina NA, Tseplyaeva KV, Sapunova NO

Great attention is traditionally paid to prevention of infectious diseases in pediatric population. Along with the institutional, therapeutic and preventive measures, it is necessary to control public awareness of such issues. The study was aimed to analyze awareness of primary school, high school, and senior school students, college and university students of the issues related to prevention of infections with fecal-oral and hematogenic transmission mechanisms. The study was carried out using the private online questionnaire consisting of three items (personal information, questions regarding awareness of the infections with fecal-oral and hematogenic transmission mechanisms). The properly filled questionnaires of the respondents, who had given to consent to participation in the study, were analyzed. It was found that schoolchildren aged 12–15 years were the least informed about the issues related to prevention of infections with fecal-oral and hematogenic transmission mechanisms, while the group of students aged 18–30 years was the most informed. It was hypothesized that parents influenced the choice of answer made by schoolchildren aged 6–11 during the online survey. It has been proposed to ensure raising of the 6–15-year-old students’ awareness of the issues related to prevention of infectious diseases, including by means of hygienic training when mastering such school curriculum subjects, as Biology and Human Life Safety.

Received: 2024-01-22

Published online: 2024-09-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.108

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VIEWS 353

Bogomolov AV, Ushakov IB, Popov VI

Solving the problems of ensuring long and active life of all Russians, regardless of their place of residence, requires the development and implementation of digital preventive medicine technologies. It is noted that it is necessary to develop and implement health risk monitoring consistent with the digital technology development level, principle of data-driven management, and conceptual provisions of the disease prediction and prevention, personalized and participatory nature of medical care to create the human health shaping, maintenance, and preservation digital platform. The paper provides the rationale for the fact that the block (cascade) diagram of occupational health changes in aviation, the use of which as part of the digital platform to be created requires enlargement of the set of blocks of the health risk minimization cascade and the cascade of the risk factor effect minimization aimed to consider all the health risk minimization potentialities, as well as to develop methodological support of the risk factor dose and health risk calculation aimed to cover the maximum number of social and occupational population groups, meets these requirements.

Received: 2024-08-24

Published online: 2024-09-27

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.107

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VIEWS 363

Myznikova IA, Mekhantyev II, Stepkin YuI, Nenakhov IG

Professional hygienic training and certification of specialists employed in the fields associated with epidemiological hazards are of great practical importance. The level of sanitary literacy of those exposed to epidemiologically significant factors determines the sanitary and epidemiological conditions in the respective facilities. This study aimed to gauge the said level among those employed in the field of children's education and upbringing. By design, the study was applied, single-center, cross-sectional, and selective. The object of the study was the staff of a facility with inherent epidemiological risks (child educators and supervisors), and the subject of the study was their level of sanitary literacy. The work lasted for 6 calendar months, until the sample reached the required size needed to reliably calculate the level of sanitary literacy of the staff expressed as means based on the test results. The methods of medical statistics were used for the analysis of the study's results. We discovered that the level of sanitary literacy of persons whose professional activities are related to the upbringing and education of children is low (the average amount of correct answers to the test questions was 65%), and identified attributes influencing the educational process: mode of attendance, gender, age, frequency of training, job title groups.

Received: 2024-07-09

Published online: 2024-09-25

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.106

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VIEWS 374

Komissarova OV, Khatuaev RO

Proper eating habits, as a key factor in maintaining good health, should be trained in the university and college students. This study aimed to assess the awareness of students of different faculties of the Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University about healthy nutrition. It involved 197 young people studying at the general medicine, pediatric, and preventive medicine faculties. The survey included questions concerning the frequency of meals, eating habits, and the role of vitamins and trace elements. According to the results, most students know much about proteins and carbohydrates, but their knowledge about fats, vitamins, and trace elements is less extensive. A significant portion of students admit inadequate meal planning and frequent snacking between main meals. About half of the participants prefer healthy snacks, while the rest choose less benign options. The awareness of how much water to consume should also be improved. Most students realize the link between poor nutrition and the risk of developing chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and disorders of the cardiovascular system. The interfaculty differences revealed emphasize the importance of raising students' awareness of proper nutrition, focusing on the practical aspects of rational selection of food and its importance for maintaining good health and preventing diseases.

Received: 2024-07-04

Published online: 2024-09-22

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.105

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VIEWS 342

Libina II, Chernykh NYu, Melikhova EP, Skrebneva AV, Fertikova TE, Vasilieva MV, Zhuravleva IV

The analysis of socio-hygienic and psychophysiological factors affecting the students’health is a highly relevant issue. The paper reports hygienic and psychophysiological health risk factors in the second-year medical students. The study was aimed to assess the influence of psychophysiological and hygienic factors on the health status of 263 medical students. According to the polling data, complaints of asthenic and neurotic nature prevailed among the respondents. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory results showed that during the semester high state anxiety was found in 43% of the respondents. State anxiety increased more, than trait anxiety during the end of semester exams. Furthermore, the correlation between anxiety and the students’ academic load was revealed. Hygienic analysis of the students’ lifestyle revealed the following health risk factors: hypodynamia, spending large amounts of time on social media, inadequate sleep duration, harmful habits (smoking). Such hygienic factors of learning environment, as microclimate and luminosity, were assessed. It was found, that there was a strong positive correlation between air temperature in the classrooms and low students’ working capacity. We have proposed possible ways to improve socio-hygienic and psychological environment for maintenance and promotion of students’ health, which will result in the development of effective health preservation programs in educational institutions. Appropriately, such solutions will help ensure the students’ wellness and good working capacity, and will have a positive effect on the learning outcomes and further professional career.

Received: 2024-06-26

Published online: 2024-09-20

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.104

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VIEWS 335