Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Krylov VP

The persistently high rate of infectious diseases requires constant monitoring, in-depth analysis of age-related characteristics of the disease spread and dynamics, and also necessitates improving the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, specifically, children, adolescents, and their parents. The study aimed to to study epidemiological trends and identify the most vulnerable age groups among the pediatric population in the context of the incidence of key infections, such as acute intestinal infections (AIIs), enterovirus infection, viral hepatitis A, measles, whooping cough and enterobiasis. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of official statistical data over a seven-year period (2018−2024) was carried out covering the pediatric population of the Western Administrative Okrug (ZAO) of Moscow. Age differences in the structure of infectious morbidity have been determined. In children under one year, viral AIIs (rotavirus, norovirus) and airborne infections prevailed. A similar trend for viral AIIs is reported in children aged 1−2 years. High prevalence of enterobiasis is reported for children aged 3−6 years (attending preschool educational institutions), and a significant increase in the incidence of enterovirus infection and airborne infections is reported in all age groups, especially in school students and adolescents. As for the viral hepatitis A incidence, the situation remains stable throughout the assessed period in all age groups. High incidence of key infections among children persisting in all age groups demonstrates an urgent need for the development and implementation of the targeted and adapted hygiene education programs for pediatric population and parents.

Received: 2025-09-07

Published online: 2025-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.148

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VIEWS 23

Bachina AV, Koskina EV, Glebova LA

Novokuznetsk and Kemerovo, major industrial centers in Kuzbass, participate in the "Clean Air" federal project. Since 2018 and 2023, respectively, they have been implementing Comprehensive Action Plans devised to decrease contaminating emissions and thus improve the quality of the air and the quality of life of the population. The Plans are part of the "Ecology" national project. This study aimed to hygienically assess the quality of atmospheric air as part of the implementation of the "Clean Air" federal project, which involves improving the air monitoring system in the industrial centers of Kuzbass. Hazard identification and assessment of exposure levels were performed using the methodology provided in MR (methodological recommendations) 2.1.6.0157-19. In Novokuznetsk, air pollutant emissions decreased by 18.1%, while in Kemerovo they increased by 12.4%. The atmospheric pollution index was rated as "extremely high" and "high", respectively. As part of the study, we evaluated the spatial relationship between stationary and route air quality monitoring stations, identified emission impact zones for major industrial complexes, assessed the rationality of observation point locations, and implemented the necessary adjustments. Improving air quality monitoring will make it possible to obtain adequate and timely information on air quality and develop measures to improve the living environment and public health.

Received: 2025-12-03

Published online: 2025-12-29

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.147

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VIEWS 49

Libina II, Chernykh NYu, Melikhova EP, Skrebneva AV, Vasilieva MV, Zhuravleva IV

Currently, there is an increase in the consumption of caffeinated beverages, including coffee, in all age groups, including adolescents and young adults. The health risks associated with caffeine consumption are especially high in the youth, which results from the features of their physiological development and behavioral factors. For many age groups, including children, adolescents, and young adults, safe daily caffeine intake levels have not been established. The study aimed to perform hygienic assessment of coffee and caffeinated beverage consumption by medical students, as well as to determine possible health risks. A questionnaire survey of students of the medical and pediatric faculties (n = 300) was conducted using the standardized quastionnaire. Statistical data processing was performed using descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The findings highlight the heterogeneity of caffeine consumption patterns among students. Along with those who do not experience any noticeable effects from coffee, there is a significant group that experiences both positive (energy boost, calmness) and negative (tachycardia, sleep problems) consequences. The study found that frequent consumption of caffeinated beverages has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system and sleep. The regular consumption of those causes anxiety and leads to tolerance. The findings emphasize the relevance of the problem uncontrolled and early consumption of caffeine among young people. It is recommended to develop and implement the measures to inform the youth about safe levels of caffeine consumption.

Received: 2025-11-12

Published online: 2025-12-24

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.146

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VIEWS 89

Khramtsov PI, Kurgansky AM, Berezina NO, Antonova EV, Krayeva AYu

A significant change in the lifestyle of modern children associated with the active use of digital devices in educational and leisure activities can affect their psychomotor development. The study aimed to assess the effect of using smartphones and computers on psychomotor function indicators in primary school students. A questionnaire survey of 333 parents of the 1−4-year students attending Zemskaya Gimnasia in Balashikha on issues of children's life was conducted. The students’ screen time when using a computer and smartphone throughout the day and week was estimated. To assess the students’ psychomotor functions, the Little House test and motometric test conducted by teachers were used. Assessment of the effect of computer use on psychomotor development indicators revealed a correlation. Thus, when using a computer, a deterioration in fine motor skills was noted; the correlation coefficient (r) for the parameters of visual-motor coordination and the duration of computer use per day was 0.320 (p = 0.002). The correlation coefficient for the duration of computer use and the primary school students’ final psychomotor development score was 0.235 (p = 0.028). The same result was obtained for the integrated assessment of fine motor skill development and its association with the duration of computer use per day: r = 0.253 (p = 0.025). However, there was no correlation between screen time when using a smartphone and psychomotor functions. The findings can be used in the development and justification of preventive technologies to prevent the negative impact of digital devices on the development of psychomotor functions in children, especially at the initial stage of systematic education.

Received: 2025-08-01

Published online: 2025-12-23

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.145

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VIEWS 86

Kryukova AE, Korsakov AV, Troshin VP, Milushkina OYu, Pivovarov YuP, Korolik VV

Living in ecologically compromised regions can significantly increase the risk of malignant neoplasms in the female reproductive system, including uterine body cancer (UBC). This study aimed to calculate the relative risk (RR) and the frequency of primary incidence of UBC among women aged 41–60 years living in areas with different levels of exposure to radiation, chemical, and combined environmental factors. The analysis considered high-, moderate-, and low-grade forms of UBC over a 20-year period (2000–2019). Information for the study was provided by Bryanskstat (Bryansk Region Statistical Bureau), Bryansk Regional Oncological Dispensary, Rospotrebnadzor and Rostechnadzor. We found that the RR of initial occurrence of high-grade forms of UBC in women living in ecologically compromised regions was considerably higher than that in female population of ecologically safe (control) territories, reaching the mean value of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.00–1.64); p = 0.047). Other findings include an increased RR of occurrence of both high- and, to a greater extent, low-grade forms of UBC in areas with high radioactive and chemical contamination — 1.19 (95% CI: 0.87–1.63) and 1.36 (95% CI: 0.70–2.65), respectively; the relative risks for combined and chemical contamination areas were 1.18 (95% CI: 0.90–1.55) and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.75–2.39), respectively; no increase was observed between the territories with combined and radioactive contamination — 0.99 (95% CI: 0.67–1.46) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.44–2.21). In all likelihood, the data from this study indicate that accident-related radiation contamination plays a more significant role in the development of high-grade — and especially low-grade — forms of UBC than does chemical contamination.

Received: 2025-04-18

Published online: 2025-12-22

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.144

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VIEWS 130

Bogdanova OG

At the current stage of societal development, there is an increasing need to introduce innovative approaches to the pedagogical process to enhance the quality and accessibility of postgraduate education. The specifics of modern education are the widespread use of computer technology and the Internet, which provide connection to intelligent information systems and technologies. Such tools enable training when there is a significant distance between the student and the teacher. Telecommunication and network technologies are well integrated into postgraduate education, including programs for paramedics. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of distance learning in delivering advanced training programs in "Hygiene and Sanitation" and "Hygienic Education" to postgraduate paramedics enrolled in a part-time curriculum. We surveyed 30 general hygiene assistants. The main research methods were logical analysis, generalization, systematization of published information, and reflection on digitalization experience. In the survey ranking, the highest mean score — 6.84 (6.77; 6.91) — was assigned to three questions related to the organization of the advanced training cycle and the clarity of learning goals and content. The lowest score, corresponding to the third rank, was given to the question on the effectiveness of distance learning. Although this question received a mean score of 5.37 (5.23; 5.51), it was still above the neutral level of 4 points. The results of the survey allowed suggesting that the introduction of distance learning significantly increases motivation to learn and reduces the time spent on periodic professional development.

Received: 2025-07-10

Published online: 2025-12-10

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.143

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VIEWS 155

Paramonova VA, Chudinin NV, Skoblina NA, Dementiev AA, Semicheva VR, Tatarinchik AA

Physical development is the most important indicator of the health of children and adolescents, since it enables monitoring thereof. This study aimed to assess the harmonicity of physical development in schoolchildren living in the new territories of the Russian Federation. We used the anthropometric data (body length and weight) of schoolchildren aged 7 to 17 years from the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR; 4004 people) and the Kherson region (2902 people). More than 60% of schoolchildren from the DPR had harmonious physical development, and the least number of harmoniously developed children was observed in the age groups of 11−14 years (58.4% of boys and 56.6% of girls); as for the Kherson region, the physical development was harmonious in more than 50% of schoolchildren therefrom, and lowest number of harmoniously developed children was found in the age groups of 11−14 years (43.1% boys and 45.3% of girls). We identified significant differences in the appearance of the relative risk of disharmonious physical development between boys aged 7−10 and 11−14 years in the DPR and the Kherson region (χ2 = 21.6, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 59.328, p < 0.001, respectively), as well as between girls of the same age groups (χ2 = 14.383, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 11.843, p < 0.001). These relative risk figures indicate that there is a direct link between the territories and the likelihood of disharmonious physical development. The correlation analysis and the calculation of relative risk yielded determination of the critical groups among schoolchildren aged 11−14 in which the number of children developed disharmoniously was the largest.

Received: 2024-12-03

Published online: 2025-12-04

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.142

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VIEWS 140

Averyanova AN, Sazonova OV, Gavryushin MYu, Trubetskaya SR, Hamtsova RV, Tupikova DS, Frolova OV

This review article examines the effect of nutrition on the functional state of an organism with persistent disorders. The assessment of nutrition given in the current research shows that it does not match the needs of such an organism. Statistics for the Russian Federation reveal that the number of disabled people in the country is on an upward trend, which is of high prognostic significance in the context of investigating their nutritional status. Seeking to raise awareness about the nutritional problems of disabled persons in specialized boarding communities, we analyzed research papers on the subject published within the last 20 years. The analysis of works by Russian and foreign authors revealed the need for a unified methodology and scientific substantiation of the nutritional status assessment criteria. We have also found that the assessment of anthropometric indicators in this population is fraught with difficulties: using body mass index (BMI) as the sole measure for diagnosing eating disorders is insufficient. Current scientific literature on nutrition for people with disabilities is diverse and covers a wide range of aspects, highlighting the complexity of the considered problem. Still, the number of studies investigating the features of nutrition and health status of people with chronic diseases is insufficient, which underlines the importance of continuing scientific work in this direction. This will allow for a deeper understanding of the specifics of maintaining an optimal level of health and meeting the nutritional needs of people with disabilities, taking into account existing socio-economic difficulties.

Received: 2025-02-27

Published online: 2025-09-29

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.141

Comments 0

VIEWS 267