Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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The information revolution and intensive development of electronic devices take place in the recent decades. Furthermore, not so long ago such a hygienic factor, as the display luminance pulse-width modulation (PWM) capable of causing visual discomfort (PWM symptoms) in individuals with increased sensitivity to visual load, has become relevant. The main complaints include eye pain, headache, sometimes nausea, up to the inability to use such screens. Moreover, this characteristic can be peculiar not only to LED (AMOLED, etc.), but also to IPS displays due to the presence of the LED backlight layer. No regulation of the issue has led to the emergence of online resources on PWM and the problem of visual impairment, where users verify the data on their own, which suggests the relevance of the subject selected. The paper reports theoretical aspects of PWM, technical characteristics of displays with PWM; the approaches to PWM measurement are described; the possible ways to reduce visual discomfort are discussed. Furthermore, the paper describes the method to measure PWM of displays using a photo camera with the exposure time set to 1/20 s, along with the method testing results. It has been shown that further research focused on assessing the effects of PWM on vision and the development of the method for hygienic assessment of monitors and smartphone screens with PWM are required.

Received: 2023-12-07

Published online: 2024-03-28

DOI: 10.24075//rbh.2024.093

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VIEWS 79

Mekhantyev II, Enin AV

Numerous studies conducted by domestic and foreign researchers report the influence of environmental pollution on shaping morbidity of a population. The study was aimed to rank the territories of the Voronezh Region by the incidence rates probably resulting from chemical pollution of atmospheric air, drinking water, soils in residential areas recorded in 2018–2022. The districts were divided into three groups based on the long-time annual average incidence rates. The degree of correlation between the disease entities and the chemical environmental factors was determined through correlation analysis. The findings have shown that the city of Voronezh and Pavlovsky District are the territories at risk of the disorders with the etiology that is likely to be associated with chemical air pollution. The territories at risk of the disorders that are likely to be associated with chemical pollution of drinking water include Kashirsky, Kantemirovsky, Olkhovatsky, Ternovsky, Khokholsky districts, while the territories at risk of the disorders that are likely to be associated with chemical pollution of soils in residential areas include the city of Voronezh, Borisoglebsky city district, Liskinsky and Rossoshansky districts. The situation observed in the above administrative territories requires in-depth study of the degree of the impact of chemical factors on public health and identification of the sources of these factors. The findings can be used to develop the guidelines on minimization of the adverse effects of chemical environmental factors on public health in the region.

Received: 2023-12-14

Published online: 2024-03-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.092

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VIEWS 87

Setko NP, Zhdanova OM, Setko AG

Internet addiction is a behavioral problem that is rapidly growing increasingly widespread, especially among higher education students. This study aimed to profile psychophysiological characteristics of students at different levels of risk of developing behavior-modifying internet addiction. We invited 261 students and established their levels of internet addiction using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale, then formed two groups: group 1 — students showing no signs of internet addiction; group 2 — students prone to internet addiction. Students' mental and social health and quality of life were assessed. Compared to the participants from group 1, group 2 students were found to exhibit 1.7 times more intense compulsive symptoms, 1.5-fold stronger withdrawal and tolerance symptoms, and had intrapersonal/health issues and time management problems that were 1.3 and 1.4-fold more grave, respectively; all these factors contributed to their predisposition to internet addiction. The risk of internet addiction in group 2 externalized as greater irritability (1.5-fold higher than in group 1), resentment (1.4-fold higher), feelings of guilt and hostility (1.3-fold more intense), verbal aggression (1.2-fold), stress (1.3-fold), anxiety and negative emotional experiences (1.2-fold), and 1.2 times lower quality of life in terms of its psychological component. The resulting data suggest the need for prevention measures designed to reduce the risk of internet addiction through management of negative emotional states in students with the help of socio-psychological inventory.

Received: 2023-11-11

Published online: 2024-03-18

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.091

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VIEWS 119

Shepeleva OM, Gerasimova ES, Churilin MI

Preserving and strengthening the health of the population of the Russian Federation is impossible without ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare. Furthermore, the staff shortage of preventive medicine specialists is observed in a number of regions, along with the decline in popularity of this specialty among applicants manifesting itself in the lower number of applications and the lower average USE scores of admitted students together with the lower passing scores in educational institutions. The study was aimed to assess the social and psychological portrait of the student studying at the faculty of preventive medicine and his/her motivation for further professional activity. The anonymous online questionnaire survey of 153 students showed that only 57.5% of students made a conscious choice of profession, 54.3% remain confident in their choice throughout the learning process, 28.8% doubt their choice, and 16.9% would never do the same choice. A total of 34.0% respondents are concerned about the success of their employment. At the same time, the majority of students show good academic performance, while career orientation and competitiveness are the major factors that drive their successful study.

Received: 2023-12-01

Published online: 2024-03-16

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.090

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VIEWS 122

Krasnikova AA, Mamchik NP, Mekhantyev II

The allergic diseases, the major role in etiology of which is played by allergens present in ambient air, are common. To develop practical guidelines on prevention of allergic rhinitis as the most prevalent disorder in the structure of allergy, it is necessary to estimate all the conditions, both negatively and positively affecting this disorder. The study was aimed to assess factors affecting the incidence, detection, and registration of cases of allergic rhinitis in the Voronezh Region. The report forms № 12 and № 30 provided substantive inputs to the study, along with the laboratory test data provided by private clinics and the social and hygienic monitoring data. Epidemiological analysis was performed by retrospective method; the territories were ranked by various indicators; the correlation analysis method was applied. We determined the incidence rates and the districts at high risk of allergic rhinitis (pollinosis) in all population groups for the period 2012–2021. We determined the structure of aeroallergens identified in private healthcare institutions, assessed the staffing levels of allergists in the public institutions of the Voronezh Region, and identified significant environmental factors. The identified features of the prevalence, diagnosis, and registration of allergic rhinitis in the Voronezh Region can be used to improve preventive measures targeting this allergic disorder.

Received: 2024-01-24

Published online: 2024-03-15

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.089

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VIEWS 94

Pivovarov YuP, Milushkina OYu, Kaminer DD, Bulatseva MB, Malikov IV

The existing problems in the field of healthcare and prevention create new challenges and difficulties in various parts of the national public health system. Today, there is an effective set of new sanitary rules and regulations important for competent organization and stable functioning of general medicine wards. In 2023, this set is SanPiN 2.1.3678-20, developed to ensure safe and effective work in medical facilities. There are special bodies tasked with controlling compliance with the standards, including Rospotrebnadzor. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a number of problems in the organization of work of inpatient departments, which required revision of the ways of rendering medical assistance. This article considers current sanitary and hygienic aspects of organization of operations at a general medicine ward, as well as the approaches to infection prevention in the context of medical care.

Received: 2023-09-18

Published online: 2024-02-22

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.088

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VIEWS 124

Recently, the problem of psychological status of students, including university students, and its influence on the health of the individual has become very relevant. The applicants entering higher education institutions of our county face an especially difficult period. They have to deal with a lot of exams affecting their future destiny, the complicated process of adaptation to the new training conditions existing in the educational institutions, as well as with the completely unfamiliar team of teachers and students. The study was aimed to perform comparative analysis of psychological health of the students attending the medical university and to determine the indicators most strongly affecting the students’ quality of life and body’s condition. A total of 1050 first-year, third-year, and sixth-year students of the medical university were enrolled. Each subject was offered to voluntarily pass three different tests to determine his/her psychological status. The scores of functional reserve of the CNS below 50% were reported for more than one third of students of the pediatric faculty (39%). In students of the faculty of pediatrics, the decreased performance was observed in 51% of cases, mostly in females. To summarize, it is worth noting, that medical students, especially first-year students, often have psychological health problems.

Received: 2023-12-18

Published online: 2024-02-19

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.087

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VIEWS 188

Shkarin VV, Latyshevskaya NI, Tikhonova EN, Levchenko NV

The paper reports the issues of the medical assistance of students attending secondary medical educational institutions in Volgograd and the Volgograd region. It has been found that the regional regulatory documents contain no unified requirements related to students’ health protection. Primary medical care provision to students is ensured by pediatric (under the age of 18 years) and adult outpatient clinics (over the age of 18 years) of Volgograd and the Volgograd region in accordance with the concluded contracts. Furthermore, the students have a mandatory medical check-up before the beginning of practical training in accordance with the Order № 29N of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021. At the same time, there is no dynamic monitoring of the students’ health status during the educational process. It has been shown that none of the secondary medical educational institutions of Volgograd and the Volgograd region conducts assessment and monitoring of occulational risk factors corresponding to the studied specialty. It is necessary to develop the system for informational communication of medical professional with medical institutions conducting preventive medical examinations and routine check-ups of students. Furthermore, it is important to consider the features of the chosen profession taking into account potential risk factors of the learning process and future professional activity.

Received: 2023-10-04

Published online: 2024-01-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.086

Comments 0

VIEWS 173