Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Dementiev AA, Fadeeva MD, Solovyev DA, Tsukareva EA

A high risk of physical inactivity is emerging among students in the context of the high level of informatization in public life, the widespread development of online delivery services, and the growing popularity of network forms of interpersonal communication. The cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to identify the features of the medical students’ physical activity and the risk factors influencing the development of physical inactivity during the period of study. We conducted an anonymous online questionnaire survey of 431 students of the Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University on the forms.yandex.ru platform using questions from the Physical Activity Level Self-Assessment Form adapted by А.V. Kabachkova (2025). The majority of students (61.95%), who took part in the study, had low physical activity. The higher prevalence of moderate, sufficient, and high physical activity was reported in male respondents compared to female ones (χ2 = 20.36; р < 0.001). There is a downward trend of the medical students’ physical activity from the first to the third year, a significant increase in physical activity in the fourth year and a subsequent decline by the sixth year. The decrease in the proportion of students with low physical activity and the increase in the proportion of students with moderate and sufficient physical activity with decreasing time spent on electronic devices are observed (χ2 = 34.5; р < 0.001). Risk factors for low physical activity among medical students include studying in the third or sixth year of medical university, female gender, and significant time spent using electronic devices.

Received: 2026-06-06

Published online: 2026-09-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.177

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VIEWS 29

Milushkina OYu, Skoblina NA, Markelova SV, Tikhonova YuL, Gaydina TA, Delitsyn DA, Krivoshonok KV, Fedotova TI

To identify the most relevant directions for research in the domain of hygienic education, it is necessary to summarize and systematize the accumulated research materials and practical guidelines. This study analyzed existing scientific and practical evidence on hygienic education in various populations. The Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) enabled analysis of the publication trends in the field of hygienic education. We considered works published from 1995 (when the first paper was added to the index) to the third quarter of 2025 inclusive. The pool included 663 publications, mostly by Russian authors. The total number of citations is 2402. The number of publications with zero citations is 278. The average number of citations per publication is 3.62 ± 1.22. The analysis of the publication activity in the domain of hygienic education has shown that this problem is underexplored, and there is an insufficient number of fundamental guidelines and original research on topical issues, as well as dissertations covering this subject matter. There is a need for sustained dialogue between researchers and practitioners in this field in leading hygiene journals, to share scientific experience, enhance cross‑citation of research, extend the use of these materials to other regions, and drive the development of new technologies for hygiene education.

Received: 2026-05-20

Published online: 2026-09-27

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.176

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VIEWS 49

Drugova ED, Sheina NI, Korolik VV

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of cases of unsafe use of medications, including antipsychotics, by the population. The uncontrolled use of medication leads to an increase in the rate of physical health problems and a decrease in the quality of life. Predicting the effects of substances in the body and identifying such cases are tasks of preventive medicine. The study aimed to assess the possibility to use the antipsychotics. Male outbred rats intragastrically administered 35 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, were used for the experiment. The control group was administered distilled water. Structures of blood serum facies were assessed 1, 4, 24 h after the antipsychotic administration. Parametric statistical methods were used for the analysis of comparative data (р £ 0.05). Similarities of the structures of rat and human blood serum under physiological conditions were identified. The emergence of structures deviating from normal was observed in the rat facies after the and After 1 h, "silver" cracks were detected; after 4 h, rope-like structures resembling a "leaf-within-a-leaf" (following haloperidol administration) and a "double leaf" (following aminazine administration) were observed; and after 24 h, an increase in the thickness of triradiate cracks was noted. The findings demonstrated the efficacy of the wedge-shaped dehydration method in the experimental assessment of the effects of antipsychotics.

Received: 2025-11-28

Published online: 2026-09-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.175

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VIEWS 67

Mazhaeva TV, Potapkina EP, Kutergina NI, Chernova YuS

The high prevalence of nutrition-related disorders among children necessitates the development of new methods for assessing the effects of nutrition on the body. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis combined with the body mass index (BMI) calculation constitute an effective non-invasive health status assessment protocol. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the dietary patterns of schoolchildren in Yekaterinburg and examine their associations with BMI and indicators of autonomic nervous system function. We recruited 202 schoolchildren aged 11−12 years; their diets were assessed using the frequency method and by calculating the nutrition quality index (NQI). We collected the participants' anthropometric data, measured their bioimpedance, and analyzed the HRV. Nonparametric methods, odds ratio calculation (ORC) and cluster analysis were used for statistical processing. It was found that the quality of the diets of 67.3% of schoolchildren was unsatisfactory: their diets were excessive in saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium, and deficient in dietary fiber, complete proteins, B vitamins, vitamin A, calcium, and magnesium. Children with a low NQI are 5.5 times more likely to be overweight and have a higher body-fat percentage than their peers with a satisfactory diet. HRV indicators differed significantly according to dietary patterns: children who consumed large amounts of vegetables and fruit exhibited more favorable heart rate variability, whereas those whose diets were high in added sugars and fats had the least favorable HRV. The identified abnormalities highlight the need to develop preventive programs aimed at improving eating habits and to consider introducing HRV monitoring into the schoolchildren's health hygienic assessment system.

Received: 2026-03-26

Published online: 2026-09-24

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.174

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VIEWS 103

Eremin AL, Bogatov NM, Bey NE, Baranov VA, Klenevskii AV, Dahuzhev TS

Technologies based on ionizing radiation (IR) are used in many areas of human activity, ranging from nuclear energy and national defense to medical diagnosis and therapy. Consequently, the hygienic assessment of the effects of IR is a scientifically and practically important interdisciplinary problem. This study aimed to analyze the challenges encountered and the approaches used to assess the radiation dose–effect relationship, thereby substantiating the need to harmonize radiation safety standards (RSS) at the current stage and highlighting the central role of evidence-based and preventive medicine in this field. We reviewed, researched, and analyzed IAEA's "Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards" and Russian SanPiN (sanitary norms and regulations) documentation, dose-related recommendations issued by the Russian Ministry of Health between 2020 and 2025, radiation therapy software solutions, and training manuals and clinical practice guidelines. The effort revealed a discrepancy between national, departmental, and international standards, dose tiers, and units of measurement. In some professions, such as piloting and spaceflight, occupational exposure to ionizing radiation exceeds the natural terrestrial background level by tens or even hundreds of times. The radiation-therapy doses specified in the Russian Ministry of Health’s clinical recommendations differ by as much as tenfold across anatomical sites. There is a shortage of educational software designed to teach radiation therapy treatment planning. The authors translated three textbooks published by the IAEA and WHO into Russian and made these freely available. The following measures were identified as feasible and advisable: organizing interdepartmental cooperation on the development and approval of new RSS, taking into account current Russian and international practices; verifying radiotherapy dose recommendations in clinical guidelines; aligning dose categories for specific professions and harmonizing methods for assessing occupational radiation risks; and supplementing university curricula with radiotherapy-planning software, as well as WHO and IAEA textbooks and guidelines.

Received: 2026-07-22

Published online: 2026-09-18

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.173

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VIEWS 135

Tarasov AV, Rakhmanov RS, Razgulin SA, Skoblina NA, Kiselev SV

The students’ cortisol levels reflecting stress are associated with the anxiety and depression manifestations, which is important in terms of the educational process hygienic optimization. The study aimed to assess the correlation on students’ blood levels of cortisol with anxiety and depressive conditions at various stages of training. A total of 200 1st-year students, who were taught during the academic year 2023–2024, took part in the comparative cross-sectional study. Serum cortisol levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), and the HADS scale was used to detect anxiety and depressive disorders. Signs of anxiety depression at training stages were detected in 34.4–43.6% (р = 0.189) and 18.2–24.7% (р = 0.256) of students. In the end of the academic year the share of clinical form in the structure of anxiety increased by 19.3% and that in the structure of depression increased by 4.3%. The cortisol levels associated with anxiety were higher in spring, than on autumn ― 32.3% (р = 0.001), including 35.3% with subclinical form (р = 0,001), 28.4% with clinical form (р = 0.028); the values associated with depression were 53.9% higher in spring (р = 0,001), including 55.4% with subclinical form (р = 0.001), 45.6% with clinical form (р = 0.052). There was no association of cortisol levels with anxiety in autumn (r = 0.07, р = 0.488), there was a moderate positive one in spring (r = 0.51, p = 0.001), including the following: girls in autumn had r = 0.03, р = 0.771, in spring r = 0.49, р < 0.001, while boys in autumn had r = 0.18, р = 0.296, in spring r = 0.57, р = 0.001, respectively. A nonlinear log model showed a significant effect of anxiety (F = 16.26, p < 0.001), explaining 7.7 % of variance. The findings are important for the development of preventive programs focused on stress management in students.

Received: 2026-03-19

Published online: 2026-09-15

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.172

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VIEWS 177

Zaitseva NV, Zemlyanova MA, Kamenskikh DM, Peskova EV

Today, environmental pollution with chemicals represents one urgent hygienic problem. In the context of intensification and modernization of the road transport complex and industrial production the development of methodology for hygienic rationing based on experimental research is relevant. The conventional use of small rodents (rats, mice) as biological models has a number of ethical, methodological and economic limitations, which necessitates the search for and implementation of alternative biological models in research practice. Our aim was to substantiate a unified methodological approach to establishing quality and safety standards for various types of water, except for technical water, and soil in populated areas using the Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) biological model. The reported method integrating existing international and national standards, confirms the possibility of using D. rerio as a valid and highly informative test system in biomedical research. The approach assumes prompt (1−1.5 months), reliable, cost-effective, humane yielding of results, which is necessary for the scientific substantiation of safety criteria and hygienic standards.

Received: 2026-07-10

Published online: 2026-09-07

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.171

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VIEWS 183

Kaptsov VA, Ovechkina ZhV, Korolik VV, Kozyreva FU, Tikhonova YuL

Outfitter is one of the most important specializations among the many professions in the railway industry. Among other duties, outfitters fill the water supply systems of passenger cars, a process associated with exposure to the combined effects of a complex of hazardous industrial factors, such as heavy physical labor, an adverse microclimate, high noise levels, low lighting, and bacterial contamination of the skin of the hands and overalls. This study aimed to investigate the specifics of the working conditions of outfitters and the morbidity with temporary disability among them in order to develop preventive measures. We used the "snapshot of the working day" method, measured harmful physical factors and bacterial load. By the severity of labor, the work of the outfitters was established to belong to class 3.2 (R 2.2.2006-05). During nighttime hours, the intensity of artificial lighting in outdoor areas and on station tracks ranged from 6 to 8 lux, whereas the normative value was ≥ 10 lux; this corresponded to class 3.1. The equivalent sound level at the outfitters' workplaces was 88 dBA, which is 8 dBA higher than the maximum permissible level, which corresponded to class 3.2. By the biological factor, the working conditions belonged to class 3.2, and by the hygienic indicators — to class 3.3. Analysis of three-year average morbidity with temporary disability data indicates that specific occupational hazards increase morbidity: disability rates among outfitters were significantly higher than in the railway transport industry overall (by 27.8% in cases and 29.0% in disability days). The study enabled the development of a number of preventive measures.

Received: 2026-03-22

Published online: 2026-09-06

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.170

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VIEWS 359