Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Averyanova AN, Sazonova OV, Gavryushin MYu, Trubetskaya SR, Hamtsova RV, Tupikova DS, Frolova OV

This review article examines the effect of nutrition on the functional state of an organism with persistent disorders. The assessment of nutrition given in the current research shows that it does not match the needs of such an organism. Statistics for the Russian Federation reveal that the number of disabled people in the country is on an upward trend, which is of high prognostic significance in the context of investigating their nutritional status. Seeking to raise awareness about the nutritional problems of disabled persons in specialized boarding communities, we analyzed research papers on the subject published within the last 20 years. The analysis of works by Russian and foreign authors revealed the need for a unified methodology and scientific substantiation of the nutritional status assessment criteria. We have also found that the assessment of anthropometric indicators in this population is fraught with difficulties: using body mass index (BMI) as the sole measure for diagnosing eating disorders is insufficient. Current scientific literature on nutrition for people with disabilities is diverse and covers a wide range of aspects, highlighting the complexity of the considered problem. Still, the number of studies investigating the features of nutrition and health status of people with chronic diseases is insufficient, which underlines the importance of continuing scientific work in this direction. This will allow for a deeper understanding of the specifics of maintaining an optimal level of health and meeting the nutritional needs of people with disabilities, taking into account existing socio-economic difficulties.

Received: 2025-02-27

Published online: 2025-09-29

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.141

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VIEWS 41

Khorosheva IV, Devrishov RD, Kudryasheva IA, Markelova SV, Reshetnikova IO, Skoblina NA

In the future, the state of health of children, adolescents, and young adults will require continuous attention from healthcare professionals. The stably high prevalence of the school-related diseases associated with the learning conditions and lifestyle components requires introduction of new approaches into prevention of health problems in the younger generation. The study aimed to summarize the results of the research focused on the features of lifestyle of children, adolescents, and young adults, as well as on the approaches to their hygiene education. The review of scientific papers deposited in the eLibrary, PubMed, CyberLeninka databases in 2010−2024 was accomplished. The literature data analysis showed the need to refocus attention on the methods for primary prevention of health problems in the youth, not on the secondary prevention methods. One effective mechanism of such work is the hygiene education system, which in this case should be directed towards individuals engaged in the youth training and education system, healthare professionals, and parents.

Received: 2025-01-09

Published online: 2025-09-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.140

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VIEWS 46

Gudinova ZhV, Rybkin AA, Demakova LV

In the context of demographic changes, the preservation of the health of all children, including those with health limitations, acquires particular importance. Children with health limitations are a special group that needs special conditions for effective education and upbringing. The comprehensive assessment of the health of such children lacks methodological uniformity because of poor communication between the bodies and agencies involved in assisting them, as well as insufficient harmonization of the applicable regulations. This study aimed to optimize the respective assessment process. The materials were medical records of students (n = 104), used as the sources of data. We revealed that children with health limitations tend to be ill often; the proportion of those developing normally in physical terms is low (57%); most of the children with abnormal physical development (20%) are short. The recommendation is to use two methods for assessing children's physical development: regression coefficients, which describe growth disorders, and body mass index (BMI), which reports the degree of excess body weight. We identified faults in the results of the comprehensive health assessment: 68 children belonging to the 5th health group were qualified for the preparatory physical education group, which creates a high risk of a severe clinical situation in a physical education lesson. From the perspective of optimization of the comprehensive assessment of the condition of children with health limitations, the recommendation is to make the wording of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation more clear and to harmonize it with the conceptual framework of the Orders of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Received: 2025-01-15

Published online: 2025-09-27

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.139

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VIEWS 53

Latyshevskaya NI, Krainova IYu, Shestopalova EL, Belyaeva AV, Malyakina AA, Levchenko NV

Currently, cosmetology is one of the fastest growing branches of medicine. Some of the factors contributing to the occupational hazards of cosmetology include static loads, repetitive small-scale hand and wrist movements, and prolonged sitting in uncomfortable positions. This study aimed to assess the ergonomics of the working posture of cosmetologists and the related risk of musculoskeletal disorders. We examined doctors' complaints about having to remain in an uncomfortable, rigid working posture for long periods. The variations in posture were assessed photogoniometrically, and the results were used to construct the distribution diagrams for "sitting" and "standing." The participants' shoulders were examined using the Artro-Pro hardware and software complex (digital goniometry). It was found that a cosmetologist stays in an uncomfortable and/or fixed position for about 85% of the working time, which puts the occupation into hardness class 3.2. Cosmetologists most often complain about pain in the neck (60.0–85.4%), back (33.1–82.1%), and shoulders (62.6–80.2%). Digital goniometry has shown that in the sitting position, almost all goniometric indicators deviate from the recommended values. For the standing position, the greatest deviations were established for neck, trunk, and elbow, especially among older specialists (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, an aggravating factor related to the working posture of cosmetologists is the lack of an ergonomically adequate seat, which poses a significant occupational risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders.

Received: 2025-02-13

Published online: 2025-09-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.138

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VIEWS 57

Kamenev VI, Stepkin YuI, Melikhova EP

Making the supplied drinking water safe is one of the keys to keeping the population in good health. The Voronezh city water supply system is a complex that includes various facilities, from an underground water intake to distribution networks. The characteristics of the territory require relying on groundwater, the reserves of which are limited. Moreover, the same source is used by plants and factories for technological needs, although there is a special purpose-built pool in the city center. That pool also affects the structural composition of groundwater. This study aimed to assess the hygienic quality of water intended for future use, taking into account the characteristics of the underground aquifer. We retrospectively examined the epidemiological characteristics of drinking water based on standardized laboratory test results. The findings indicated compliance with hygienic standards, except for elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, nitrates, and total hardness. The growth of concentrations of these elements as well as the hardness have first been registered in 1972, which gives reason to associate this fact with artificial adjustment of the flow of the Voronezh River. The tests have shown that considering the condition of water, the specifics of its use, the anthropogenic interference with the natural status thereof should not be discounted. The changes influence each other in a complex way, with the hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water taken into account.

Received: 2025-05-16

Published online: 2025-09-23

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.137

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VIEWS 76

Dubrovina EA, Bokareva NA, Skoblina NA, Selezneva MA, Tikhonova YuL, Pivovarov YuP

The number of young people with disabilities is steadily growing, which means there is a natural increase in the number of students belonging to this category entering higher educational institutions teaching medicine. Under the Federal Law No. 181-FZ of November 24, 1995 (amendments of May 29, 2024) "On Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation (with amendments and additions of September 1, 2024)," the state supports the eduction of the physically impaired individuals and guarantees such individuals receive the said education in appropriate conditions. Studying at a medical university is associated with significant intellectual and psychological stress; therefore, it is extremely challenging for students with disabilities and requires a certain level of physical and mental health. To date, the problems of teaching such students in medical universities have not been studied sufficiently, nor have the related educational technologies been duly systematized. The article examines the most common issues associated with teaching medical students with disabilities as reported in Russian and foreign papers, and suggests solutions for them.

Received: 2025-05-05

Published online: 2025-09-21

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.136

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VIEWS 84

Voytovich AA, Alekseeva NA, Derin VN, Eliseeva YuV, Leskovets ES, Pichugina NN, Sergeeva ES

The paper presents a scientific biography of the well-known scientist and teacher, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of General Hygiene and Ecology of the Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Dr Sci. (Med.), Professor Yury Yu. Eliseev, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The main stages of the Professor's activities over the entire period of his research and teaching work are analyzed. Yu.Yu. Eliseev carries out extensive research, educational, methodological, expert and consulting work. Under the Professor's supervision, more than 70 doctoral and PhD theses have been prepared and successfully defended. A total of 76 monographs, textbooks, and teaching aids have been issued, 32 copyright certificates for inventions, Russian Federation patents, certificates for registration of electronic databases, computer programs have been implemented, a number of production regulations, pharmacological articles, instructions for the use of new preventive medical immunobiological preparations (vaccines and diagnostic serums), and hygienic regulatory documents have been developed. The launch of two postgraduate courses in the specialties "Hygiene" and "Allergology and Immunology" managed by Yu.Yu. Eliseev has been initiated. Professor is a member of editorial boards of seven journals, he has state awards of various levels. The results of the Yu.Yu. Eliseev’s work presented have made it possible to respond to numerous challenges faced by scientific community in different years, and the vector of scientific and pedagogical work that he has set is promising in terms of solving hygienic problems, as well as resolving the issues of training and education.

Received: 2025-03-04

Published online: 2025-09-07

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.135

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VIEWS 155

Ushakov IB, Turzin PS, Lukichev KE, Popov VI

Currently, given the high risk of exposure of the country's population to various adverse factors in the context of everyday life, it is important to promote efforts aimed at improvement of the people's health, its physical aspect in the first place. Establishing the state of the population's physical health management system is a significant part of this process. This study aimed to look into the current organizational and methodological aspects of the development of the physical health management system designed for adults and children in the regions of the country. For this purpose, we surveyed heads of regional government bodies using a 40-item questionnaire that had both multiple choice and grid-in questions. The questionnaires were sent to all regions of the country; 59 of them got filled by the respective officials and returned. The filled questionnaires were subsequently systematized and processed. Having analyzed the responses received, we classified the promoting and limiting factors that affect the development of the adults and children physical health management system. This exercise was designed to yield data needed to support the development of the national (regional, municipal) system underpinning physical culture and sports popularization, the GTO movement (Ready for Labor and Defense), and training of elite athletes. We have also prepared the "Classification of examples of the best management solutions," the "Consolidated list of proposals to improve the regional physical health management system for adults and children," and the "Collection of assistance requests issued by the regions to the federal authorities." Thus, analyzing the responses from the participating regions allowed learning their experience in managing the physical health of both adults and children.

Received: 2025-05-19

Published online: 2025-09-07

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.134

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VIEWS 115