ISSN Print 2713-0878    ISSN Online 2713-0886
Russian Bulletin of Hygiene
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Review Nutritional status of people with disabilities: current research and assessment
Averyanova AN, Sazonova OV, Gavryushin MYu, Trubetskaya SR, Hamtsova RV, Tupikova DS, Frolova OV
This review article examines the effect of nutrition on the functional state of an organism with persistent disorders. The assessment of nutrition given in the current research shows that it does not match the needs of such an organism. Statistics for the Russian Federation reveal that the number of disabled people in the country is on an upward trend, which is of high prognostic significance in the context of investigating their nutritional status. Seeking to raise awareness about the nutritional problems of disabled persons in specialized boarding communities, we analyzed research papers on the subject published within the last 20 years. The analysis of works by Russian and foreign authors revealed the need for a unified methodology and scientific substantiation of the nutritional status assessment criteria. We have also found that the assessment of anthropometric indicators in this population is fraught with difficulties: using body mass index (BMI) as the sole measure for diagnosing eating disorders is insufficient. Current scientific literature on nutrition for people with disabilities is diverse and covers a wide range of aspects, highlighting the complexity of the considered problem. Still, the number of studies investigating the features of nutrition and health status of people with chronic diseases is insufficient, which underlines the importance of continuing scientific work in this direction. This will allow for a deeper understanding of the specifics of maintaining an optimal level of health and meeting the nutritional needs of people with disabilities, taking into account existing socio-economic difficulties.
Received: 2025-02-27
Published online: 2025-09-29
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.141
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VIEWS 40
Review Hygiene education in disease prevention for children, adolescents, and young adults
Khorosheva IV, Devrishov RD, Kudryasheva IA, Markelova SV, Reshetnikova IO, Skoblina NA
In the future, the state of health of children, adolescents, and young adults will require continuous attention from healthcare professionals. The stably high prevalence of the school-related diseases associated with the learning conditions and lifestyle components requires introduction of new approaches into prevention of health problems in the younger generation. The study aimed to summarize the results of the research focused on the features of lifestyle of children, adolescents, and young adults, as well as on the approaches to their hygiene education. The review of scientific papers deposited in the eLibrary, PubMed, CyberLeninka databases in 2010−2024 was accomplished. The literature data analysis showed the need to refocus attention on the methods for primary prevention of health problems in the youth, not on the secondary prevention methods. One effective mechanism of such work is the hygiene education system, which in this case should be directed towards individuals engaged in the youth training and education system, healthare professionals, and parents.
Received: 2025-01-09
Published online: 2025-09-28
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.140
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VIEWS 45
Original research Regarding the comprehensive assessment of the condition of schoolchildren with health limitations
Gudinova ZhV, Rybkin AA, Demakova LV
In the context of demographic changes, the preservation of the health of all children, including those with health limitations, acquires particular importance. Children with health limitations are a special group that needs special conditions for effective education and upbringing. The comprehensive assessment of the health of such children lacks methodological uniformity because of poor communication between the bodies and agencies involved in assisting them, as well as insufficient harmonization of the applicable regulations. This study aimed to optimize the respective assessment process. The materials were medical records of students (n = 104), used as the sources of data. We revealed that children with health limitations tend to be ill often; the proportion of those developing normally in physical terms is low (57%); most of the children with abnormal physical development (20%) are short. The recommendation is to use two methods for assessing children's physical development: regression coefficients, which describe growth disorders, and body mass index (BMI), which reports the degree of excess body weight. We identified faults in the results of the comprehensive health assessment: 68 children belonging to the 5th health group were qualified for the preparatory physical education group, which creates a high risk of a severe clinical situation in a physical education lesson. From the perspective of optimization of the comprehensive assessment of the condition of children with health limitations, the recommendation is to make the wording of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation more clear and to harmonize it with the conceptual framework of the Orders of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Russian Federation.
Received: 2025-01-15
Published online: 2025-09-27
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.139
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VIEWS 52
Original research Ergonomic workplace factors as indicators of occupational risk for cosmetologists
Latyshevskaya NI, Krainova IYu, Shestopalova EL, Belyaeva AV, Malyakina AA, Levchenko NV
Currently, cosmetology is one of the fastest growing branches of medicine. Some of the factors contributing to the occupational hazards of cosmetology include static loads, repetitive small-scale hand and wrist movements, and prolonged sitting in uncomfortable positions. This study aimed to assess the ergonomics of the working posture of cosmetologists and the related risk of musculoskeletal disorders. We examined doctors' complaints about having to remain in an uncomfortable, rigid working posture for long periods. The variations in posture were assessed photogoniometrically, and the results were used to construct the distribution diagrams for "sitting" and "standing." The participants' shoulders were examined using the Artro-Pro hardware and software complex (digital goniometry). It was found that a cosmetologist stays in an uncomfortable and/or fixed position for about 85% of the working time, which puts the occupation into hardness class 3.2. Cosmetologists most often complain about pain in the neck (60.0–85.4%), back (33.1–82.1%), and shoulders (62.6–80.2%). Digital goniometry has shown that in the sitting position, almost all goniometric indicators deviate from the recommended values. For the standing position, the greatest deviations were established for neck, trunk, and elbow, especially among older specialists (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, an aggravating factor related to the working posture of cosmetologists is the lack of an ergonomically adequate seat, which poses a significant occupational risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders.
Received: 2025-02-13
Published online: 2025-09-26
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.138
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VIEWS 56
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Review Correlation between behavioral factors, physical activity, and academic performanсе of medical students
Prokhorov PYu
Young adults suffer from high educational load when studying at the medical university. University training proceeds under the dynamically changing conditions. Psychological discomfort, low physical activity, noncompliance with the principles of rational nutrition, harmful habits can negatively affect both students’ physical health and their academic performance. The review of scientific papers published in the international and Russian databases, E-Library, PubMed, Cyberleninka, in 2019–2024 is provided. Analysis of the papers will allow us to choose the best health preservation practices. Information about the correlation between behavioral factors, academic performance and health of medical students is essential for prevention programming. The development of exercises considering personal preferences in physical activity can positively affect academic performance, reduce psycho-emotional discomfort, thereby reducing the risk of professional burnout after graduation from the university.
Received: 2024-11-01
Published online: 2025-06-18
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.129
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VIEWS 256
Original research Hygienic assessment of training conditions for rescue technicians in a modern college
Sokolovskaya AV, Kazaeva OV, Kuchumov VV, Gruzdev EE
College students spend most of their time in educational institutions. The quality of the college internal environment has a significant impact on the students' health, performance, and well-being. In terms of hygiene, the most significant are the microclimate parameters and lighting in classrooms. The study aimed to evaluate the major parameters of microclimate and lighting in classrooms and compare these with the subjective assessment of learning conditions by students obtained by conducting a questionnaire survey. A total of 369 adolescents studying at the Protection in Emergency Situations faculty and mastering the profession of rescue technician took part in the survey. The study has shown that hygienic conditions in the educational institution, specifically microclimate in classrooms, have a significant effect on the students’ well-being and performance. It is important to comply with the standards for microclimate parameters in classrooms and to carry out timely measures for renovation and improvement of educational institutions to prevent health problems and deviations.
Received: 2024-11-08
Published online: 2025-06-16
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.127
Comments 0
VIEWS 239
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