ISSN Print 2713-0878    ISSN Online 2713-0886
Russian Bulletin of Hygiene
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Original research Ten-year trends in school-related morbidity among children and adolescents in Russia
Rapoport IK, Kuchma VR, Chubarovskiy VV, Sokolova SB
The effects of educational environment factors and processes on the increasing incidence of certain functional disorders and chronic diseases, which can collectively be referred to as school-related diseases, is a relevant issue of childhood and adolescence hygiene. Seeking to prioritize preventive effort directions, this study aimed to analyze trends in overall and primary morbidity from these diseases among Russian children and adolescents from 2015 to 2024. The data collected for the descriptive analysis covered children (0–14 years old) and older adolescents (15–17 years old); they were officially reported by the Central Research Institute for Organization and Informatization of Healthcare. We assessed the dynamics of morbidity at the level of classes of diseases and certain disease entities, and calculated the disease chronization indices (DCIs). The data were systematized and analyzed in Microsoft Office Excel 2020. The study suggests criteria for classifying certain health disorders as school-related. We identified persistent morbidity trends (noticeable throughout the study period) for individual ICD-10 classes, and observed high DCI values for diseases of the eye, the musculoskeletal system, and mental disorders. These findings may be associated with increased psycho-emotional stress, educational and visual demands, and insufficient physical activity. The analysis of morbidity trends identified the following priority areas for preventive work: promoting physical activity among schoolchildren, reducing psycho-emotional stress associated with examinations in grades 9 and 11, teaching students how to arrange their educational and leisure activities, promoting healthy nutrition, and increasing sleep duration.
Received: 2026-04-03
Published online: 2026-08-30
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.169
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Original research Functional indicators and physical fitness in comprehensive assessment of the health of children with disabilities or special health needs
Gudinova ZhV, Rybkin AA, Demakova LV
In the context of declining birth rates, maintaining the health of children with disabilities and special health needs (SHN) is one of the state’s tasks. A comprehensive assessment of children's health is essential for solving this problem. The study aimed to justify the inclusion of quantitative indicators of functional state, physical development and physical fitness in the comprehensive assessment of the health of children with disabilities and SHN. A cross-sectiona; study was conducted in September 2025 at the boarding school for disabled children and children with SHN (n = 69) and the ordinary school (n = 69). Students aged 7−17 years were matched by gender, age, and body length. During the study we assessed physical development, psycho-functional state, physical fitness, and nutrition. The cluster analysis (k-means) was performed based on 11 indicators in a combined sample (n = 138). As a result, two clusters were allocated: “dysfunctional” (64 children, among them 35.9% from the ordinary school) with poor adaptation, excess body weight, high fat consumption; “functional” (74 children, among them 37.8% from the boarding school) with good adaptation, normal body weight, but low caloric intake. Contradictions have been identified between health groups and medical groups for physical education. The data obtained indicate that children with disabilities have various psycho-functional states that change during their stay in an educational organization, comparable in some cases to those of children from the ordinary school. It is recommended to supplement the comprehensive health assessment of children with disabilities and children with SHN by defining quantitative indicators of physical development, body’s functional state, and data on the children’s physical fitness. Furthermore, the child's lifestyle, typical for children of his/her age, should be taken into account.
Received: 2026-05-07
Published online: 2026-08-24
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.168
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Opinion Nutrition optimization and educational technologies in the system of personalized prevention of obesity complications: hygienic aspects
Lapik IA, Tarmayeva IYu, Nikityuk DB
Obesity is a global epidemic of the 21st century and a core component in the development of nutrition-related diseases. In the Russian Federation (RF), more than 60% of the adult population is overweight or obese, which necessitates designing and implementing new prevention strategies. This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for the role of personalized dietary interventions and educational technologies in preventing obesity-related complications. We reviewed papers from PubMed and eLIBRARY databases (2020-2026) found by keywords "obesity," "nutrition," "education," "prevention". The analysis showed that the effectiveness of the traditional approaches to diet therapy is insufficient. It was established that the key to successful prevention is extended diagnostics providing data on the individual metabolic phenotypes. Healthy Nutrition educational cluster and digital components of the NIAP system (research-based educational and analytical platform) are important tools in increasing obesity-related public awareness and professional training of medical specialists. Effective personalized prevention of obesity complications requires concurrent realization of three interrelated initiatives: diet correction based on instrumental diagnostics; adoption of educational technologies for doctors and patients; and reinforcement of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance measures. The proposed multilevel approach, which integrates hygiene-related measures and modern digital tools, enables a reduction in the prevalence of obesity and the achievement of strategic public health-saving goals in the Russian population.
Received: 2026-04-09
Published online: 2026-06-29
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.167
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VIEWS 385
Method The results of applying the health diagnosis program in medical university students
Markelova SV, Prokhorov PYu
The introduction of a system for monitoring the body’s functional state and nutritional characteristics into the medical university educational process seems to be a relevant solution to the problem of maintaining the health of student youth. The study aimed to test the use of the Valeoscan program for monitoring the health and diet features in the 1st-year, 4th-year, and 6th-year students of the Medical Institute of the Tula State University (n = 3676). A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the time it took to complete psychophysiological tests was reported in the first-years, who studied in 2016−2023: the time to complete the correction test increased from 200.59 ± 4.21 s to 231.83 ± 5.71 s in females; from 202.40 ± 6.02 s to 229.00 ± 7.34 s in males. In the dynamics of the years of study (from the 1st to 6th year), a significant (р < 0.05) increase in body mass index (BMI) was revealed: from 20.81 ± 0.30 kg/m2 to 22.45 ± 0.41 kg/m2 in females; from 22.71 ± 0.65 kg/m2 to 24.24 ± 0.54 kg/m2 in males, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in the proportion of students with overweight in the BMI range ≥ 29 kg/m² was revealed. In the 6th year, the proportion decreased of the students with excess fat in their diet (from 13.72 ± 0.09 to 8.32 ± 0.04% in females, p < 0.05; from 46.94 ± 0.28 to 6.72 ± 0.05% in males, р = 0.00039) and water deficit (from 72.41 ± 0.12 to 66.73 ± 0.21% in females, р < 0.05; from 71.85 ± 0.13 to 66.72 ± 0.21% in males, р < 0.05); the proportion of students, who followed healthy eating principles, increased (from 73.26 ± 0.64 to 81.39 ± 0.73% in females, р < 0.05; from 62.86 ± 0.52 to 65.71 ± 0.54% in males, р < 0,05). The Valeoscan program introduction into the educational process has made it possible to monitor the functional health indicators and nutritional characteristics of medical university students, which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the health-preserving technology being introduced.
Received: 2026-02-13
Published online: 2026-06-28
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.166
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VIEWS 271
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Review The history of sanitary and hygienic standards for pathologists in Russia
Kozelsky AS, Kaminer DD, Zharov AR, Korolik VV
There are many hazards a pathologist is exposed to professionally, including biological (pathogens), chemical (preservatives, reagents), physical (radiation, noise) factors, psycho-emotional stress, and ergonomic risks. Historically, the standardization of these factors and risks has lagged significantly behind practice. The digitalization of pathology (digital microscopy, telemedicine) mitigates some traditional hazards but generates new risks: visual stress, sedentary working conditions, exposure to electromagnetic fields, and psycho-emotional stress from using digital platforms. The history of standardization reflects progress in understanding the unique risks of the profession and the value of medical workers' health. Technological advances necessitate the continued updating of regulations. Thus far, too few studies have been conducted on the evolution of adverse factors and their sanitary and hygienic standardization in the work of pathologists. This review analyzes the development of a system of professional sanitary and hygienic standards for pathologists in Russia.
Received: 2025-11-14
Published online: 2026-03-27
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.156
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VIEWS 1085
Original research The impact of smoking and energy drinks on the quality of life of students
Sukhoverkhova EA, Kopylov AS, Popov VI
The high prevalence of smoking and consumption of energy drinks among students is a significant medical and social problem. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these harmful habits on the quality of life of students of the Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, and to assess their awareness of the risks associated with such bad habits. We invited 442 second- and third-year students from the medical, pediatric, and dental faculties to complete O.I. Gubina's Quality of Life Assessment questionnaire. Energy drink drinking was found to be more prevalent than smoking; male participants practiced these habits significantly more often than female. Electronic cigarettes were the most common form of nicotine consumption. We established significant correlations of smoking with respiratory symptoms (the closest — with cough, r = 0.489; p < 0.05), and consumption of energy drinks — with tachycardia (r = 0.864; p < 0.05), sleep disorders (r = 0.251; p < 0.05), and headache (r = 0.217; p < 0.05). The quality of life was significantly lower in the groups of students with harmful habits, and the median values were minimal when the said habits were combined, especially on the "Health" and "Spirituality and Healthy Lifestyle" scales. Despite the awareness of harm, a significant part of students do not intend to give up harmful habits. The results of the study emphasize the need to develop prevention programs aimed at risk groups, primarily young men and people with combined addiction.
Received: 2025-12-26
Published online: 2026-03-20
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2026.154
Comments 0
VIEWS 911
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