Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Dubrovina EA, Bokareva NA, Skoblina NA, Selezneva MA, Tikhonova YuL, Pivovarov YuP

The number of young people with disabilities is steadily growing, which means there is a natural increase in the number of students belonging to this category entering higher educational institutions teaching medicine. Under the Federal Law No. 181-FZ of November 24, 1995 (amendments of May 29, 2024) "On Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation (with amendments and additions of September 1, 2024)," the state supports the eduction of the physically impaired individuals and guarantees such individuals receive the said education in appropriate conditions. Studying at a medical university is associated with significant intellectual and psychological stress; therefore, it is extremely challenging for students with disabilities and requires a certain level of physical and mental health. To date, the problems of teaching such students in medical universities have not been studied sufficiently, nor have the related educational technologies been duly systematized. The article examines the most common issues associated with teaching medical students with disabilities as reported in Russian and foreign papers, and suggests solutions for them.

Received: 2025-05-05

Published online: 2025-09-21

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.136

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VIEWS 340

Voytovich AA, Alekseeva NA, Derin VN, Eliseeva YuV, Leskovets ES, Pichugina NN, Sergeeva ES

The paper presents a scientific biography of the well-known scientist and teacher, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of General Hygiene and Ecology of the Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Dr Sci. (Med.), Professor Yury Yu. Eliseev, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The main stages of the Professor's activities over the entire period of his research and teaching work are analyzed. Yu.Yu. Eliseev carries out extensive research, educational, methodological, expert and consulting work. Under the Professor's supervision, more than 70 doctoral and PhD theses have been prepared and successfully defended. A total of 76 monographs, textbooks, and teaching aids have been issued, 32 copyright certificates for inventions, Russian Federation patents, certificates for registration of electronic databases, computer programs have been implemented, a number of production regulations, pharmacological articles, instructions for the use of new preventive medical immunobiological preparations (vaccines and diagnostic serums), and hygienic regulatory documents have been developed. The launch of two postgraduate courses in the specialties "Hygiene" and "Allergology and Immunology" managed by Yu.Yu. Eliseev has been initiated. Professor is a member of editorial boards of seven journals, he has state awards of various levels. The results of the Yu.Yu. Eliseev’s work presented have made it possible to respond to numerous challenges faced by scientific community in different years, and the vector of scientific and pedagogical work that he has set is promising in terms of solving hygienic problems, as well as resolving the issues of training and education.

Received: 2025-03-04

Published online: 2025-09-07

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.135

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VIEWS 374

Ushakov IB, Turzin PS, Lukichev KE, Popov VI

Currently, given the high risk of exposure of the country's population to various adverse factors in the context of everyday life, it is important to promote efforts aimed at improvement of the people's health, its physical aspect in the first place. Establishing the state of the population's physical health management system is a significant part of this process. This study aimed to look into the current organizational and methodological aspects of the development of the physical health management system designed for adults and children in the regions of the country. For this purpose, we surveyed heads of regional government bodies using a 40-item questionnaire that had both multiple choice and grid-in questions. The questionnaires were sent to all regions of the country; 59 of them got filled by the respective officials and returned. The filled questionnaires were subsequently systematized and processed. Having analyzed the responses received, we classified the promoting and limiting factors that affect the development of the adults and children physical health management system. This exercise was designed to yield data needed to support the development of the national (regional, municipal) system underpinning physical culture and sports popularization, the GTO movement (Ready for Labor and Defense), and training of elite athletes. We have also prepared the "Classification of examples of the best management solutions," the "Consolidated list of proposals to improve the regional physical health management system for adults and children," and the "Collection of assistance requests issued by the regions to the federal authorities." Thus, analyzing the responses from the participating regions allowed learning their experience in managing the physical health of both adults and children.

Received: 2025-05-19

Published online: 2025-09-07

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.134

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VIEWS 354

Milushkina OYu, Bashmakov OA

The basics of student youth health all over the world are ensured by factors of the educational environment and the young adults’ lifestyle. Modeling of such conditions is possible with comprehensive assessment of the quality and safety of university internal environment, update of modern educational spaces in response to the students’ need for motor activity and physical exercises. Currently, it becomes increasingly necessary to pay attention to the hygienic factors affecting shaping proper posture in university students. The main focus is on such aspects, as learning conditions, workplace organization, physical activity, and other daily habits that contribute to either impairment, or maintenance of healthy posture. There is no need to emphasize the importance of proper workplace organization. The height of the desk and chair, the level of the monitor, the quality of the furniture and lighting play a key role in maintaining a comfortable and safe body position during classes. Incorrect organization can result in developing musculoskeletal disorders and postural alterations. Physical activity and regular breaks while learning are considered important prerequisites for preservation of the students’ musculoskeletal system functional disorders. Students leading a sedentary lifestyle face the risk of postural alterations. It is recommended short physical exercises and active breaks in the daily routine in order to improve muscle tone and reduce tension.

Received: 2024-09-11

Published online: 2025-06-27

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.133

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VIEWS 391

Zaitseva NV, Fadeev AG, Goryaev DV, Zemlyanova MA, Peskova EV, Galiulina AV, Zakharinskaya ON, Bulatova NI

Exposure to harmful and dangerous factors at ore mining facilities poses health risks to workers that are associated with prolonged exposure to airborne chemicals in the work area. Realized, these risks undermine physical condition of people doing key ore mining jobs underground. Relying on the target protein analysis, this study aimed to assess the job-related harm to the health of ore mining workers resulting from exposure to metals airborne in the work zone. The participants were involved in copper-nickel ores mining. To evaluate the impact of metals from the working zone air on their health, we conducted chemical, proteomic, statistical, and bioinformatic analyses on the collected samples and data. With the mean per-shift exposure to metals of up to 0.2 mg/m³ (up to 4 times the MPC), the blood supernatant concentrations of cobalt, chromium, nickel, copper, and manganese increased by 1.4 to 2.6 times in the study group compared to the control group. Comparison of proteomics datasets revealed 33 significantly different protein spots. In 15 of them, the change in intensity was related to the increased concentration of the considered metals in the supernatant. Identification and analysis of proteins from these spots revealed their association with impairments in the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. The identified proteins were involved in the development of oxidative stress, metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Proteomic analysis improves the prediction and early prevention of occupational adverse outcomes among the ore mining industry workers.

Received: 2025-05-26

Published online: 2025-06-25

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.132

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VIEWS 401

Kaminer DD, Selezneva MA, Kozelsky AS

Occupational burnout (OB) negatively affects the quality of medical care provided. The subject of occupational hygiene among medical students combining studying and work has not been investigated sufficiently. This study explores OB in medical university students and general practitioners who actively use information and communication technologies in their daily activities. The goal was to look into the features of OB in these cohorts, identify the main risk factors, and give burnout prevention and mitigation recommendations. We examined 140 general practitioners (94 females, 46 males) aged 27–75 years (mean age 46.16 years [95% CI: 35.49−56.83]). As for students, the participants were from the Pirogov University, 39 female and 25 male, aged 20-25 years (mean age 22.42 years [95% CI: 22.23–22.61]). To assess the risks of burnout, we used the Boyko questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The survey revealed clinically significant signs of OB in 96% of general practitioners and 16% of working students. According to the MBI's emotional exhaustion subscale the corresponding scales of the Boyko questionnaire, OB was significantly more prevalent among working students than among their peers who did not work (mean MBI scores 14.6 [95% CI: 10.8–18.4] and 12.7 [95% CI: 8.34–17.06], respectively, p = 0.00362; mean Boyko questionnaire scores 89.1 [95% CI: 72.9--105.3] and 74.7 [95% CI: 69.8–79.6], respectively, p < 0.00001)). Both tools show the clinical signs of OB to be significantly more severe among general practitioners than in the cohort of working students (p < 0.00001). It has been proven that students who combine work and study face a higher risk of OB due to increased academic and additional workloads, along with elevated stress levels.

Received: 2025-04-01

Published online: 2025-06-23

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.131

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VIEWS 401

Reshetnikova IO, Markelova SV, Darishchev SA

Due to the development of digital technologies and their growing availability to all categories of the population, the age of children who regularly use electronic devices decreases. This article summarizes the results of the studies investigating the use of electronic devices by preschool children and describes the role of parents in organizing this type of activity for them. The data were collected from papers published from 2017 through 2024 and available in eLibrary, CyberLeninka, and PubMed. The analysis of the data revealed that most parents lack the skills needed to teach children to use electronic devices safely, and their awareness of the associated health disorders and preventive measures is insufficient. Therefore, the experience of using electronic devices by children, including preschoolers, may be negative, which necessitates efforts aimed at counseling parents and educating them about digital safety and the rules of controlling the relationship of their children with such devices.

Received: 2024-12-22

Published online: 2025-06-19

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.130

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VIEWS 422

Prokhorov PYu

Young adults suffer from high educational load when studying at the medical university. University training proceeds under the dynamically changing conditions. Psychological discomfort, low physical activity, noncompliance with the principles of rational nutrition, harmful habits can negatively affect both students’ physical health and their academic performance. The review of scientific papers published in the international and Russian databases, E-Library, PubMed, Cyberleninka, in 2019–2024 is provided. Analysis of the papers will allow us to choose the best health preservation practices. Information about the correlation between behavioral factors, academic performance and health of medical students is essential for prevention programming. The development of exercises considering personal preferences in physical activity can positively affect academic performance, reduce psycho-emotional discomfort, thereby reducing the risk of professional burnout after graduation from the university.

Received: 2024-11-01

Published online: 2025-06-18

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.129

Comments 0

VIEWS 443