Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Sokolovskaya AV, Kazaeva OV, Kuchumov VV, Gruzdev EE

College students spend most of their time in educational institutions. The quality of the college internal environment has a significant impact on the students' health, performance, and well-being. In terms of hygiene, the most significant are the microclimate parameters and lighting in classrooms. The study aimed to evaluate the major parameters of microclimate and lighting in classrooms and compare these with the subjective assessment of learning conditions by students obtained by conducting a questionnaire survey. A total of 369 adolescents studying at the Protection in Emergency Situations faculty and mastering the profession of rescue technician took part in the survey. The study has shown that hygienic conditions in the educational institution, specifically microclimate in classrooms, have a significant effect on the students’ well-being and performance. It is important to comply with the standards for microclimate parameters in classrooms and to carry out timely measures for renovation and improvement of educational institutions to prevent health problems and deviations.

Received: 2024-11-08

Published online: 2025-06-16

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.127

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VIEWS 216

Novikova II, Zubtsovskaya NA

Both in Russia and abroad, physical activity, screen time, and nighttime sleep are considered important and controllable daily routine factors that influence a schoolchild's general physical and mental state and health. This study aimed to explore the specifics of the daily routine of schoolchildren living in different regions of the Russian Federation (RF). We analyzed data collected by surveying schoolchildren and their parents in the context of implementation of the "Strengthening Public Health" Federal Project in 2023-2024; the data the described durations of some regular activities in the daily routines of the 2nd, 5th, and 10th grade schoolchildren living in the Russian Federation (n = 254,881). Russian schoolchildren are in school for an average of 5-7 hours every day (86.3% [95% CI: 86.2–86.4]). The proportion of children who comply with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and engage in physical activity for at least 60 minutes per day was 58.5% [95% CI: 58.3–58.7]. It was established that the share of children practicing physical activity in sufficient amounts decreases with progression through the grades. For a significant proportion of children, the duration of their nighttime sleep is insufficient (86% [95% CI: 85.78–86.22] of 2nd grade schoolchildren, 23.3% [95% CI: 23.14-23.58] of fifth graders, and 49.2% [95% CI: 48.8–49.6] of 10th grade schoolchildren). The analysis allowed identifying the regions of the Russian Federation where the greatest shares of children whose daily routines are inadequate. Thus, it can be noted that, despite an average workload at school, a significant number of Russian schoolchildren do not use their free time optimally in terms of physical activity and adequate sleep.

Received: 2024-11-02

Published online: 2025-06-16

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.126

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VIEWS 203

Golubeva MI, Sheina NI, Bidevkina MV, Bobrineva IA, Fedorova EA

Agidol-1 belongs to non-enzymatic antioxidants and represents a synthetic vitamin E analogue, it is widely used in chemical and food industries, livestock production, cosmetology, perfumery and pharmaceutical production. The increase in its production is a prerequisite for creating optimal working conditions for employees and developing the currently not existing hygienic standard of the tentative safe exposure level (OBUV) in workplace air. The study aimed to develop and substantiate agidol-1 OBUV in workplace air through experimental study of toxicity and hazard. We studied toxicity, irritant, skin-resorptive effects and hazard of agidol-1 concentrations of 24.7 and 67.8 mg/m3 after a single inhalation. Integrated indicators and functional indicators of some organs and systems were assessed in rats after inhalation. It has been shown that based on toxicometry data (DL50) after a single intragastric injection to mice agidol-1 is a moderately dangerous substance (hazard class 3), while when administered to rats it is a slightly dangerous substance (hazard class 4). The substance has no irritant effect on the rabbit ocular mucosa and skin, it does not possess skin-resorptive or cumulative activity. Inhalation of agidol-1 concentrations of 24.7 and 67.8 mg/m3 has no toxic effect on the nervous, carviovascular, and respiratory systems, it does not alter peripheral blood composition and biochemical parameters of blood serum and urine. The lack of agidol-1 harmful effects in the study, availability of MPC levels in ambient air for the Agidol brand substances with the chemical composition similar to that of agidol-1 and hygienic standards for agidol-1 in different countries have made it possible to substantiate OBUV for production facilities of 10 mg/m3, aerosol, hazard class 4.

Received: 2024-09-01

Published online: 2025-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.125

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VIEWS 814

Tutelyan VA, Nikityuk DB, Tarmayeva IYu, Pogozheva AV

The article presents the authors' opinion on ways to optimize the nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation. It shows that the dietary patterns currently common in the country are still far from optimal, as they underdeliver on vegetables, fruits, and dairy products, and provide excessive amounts of sugar, salt, foods rich in animal fat, and trans fats. Inadequate dietary patterns compromise health and nutritional status, leading to an increase in diet-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, gout, and osteoporosis, which are major contributors to mortality in economically developed countries, including Russia. According to the authors, there are several aspects that are crucial in the matter of overall health improvement and extension of active longevity: optimization of the dietary patterns in Russia, popularization of the principles of rational nutrition and healthy lifestyle; introduction of measures to decrease the incidence of socially significant non-communicable diseases (atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nutritional obesity, and others); acceleration of adoption of innovative health protection technologies in healthcare, including early diagnosis of non-communicable diseases of an alimentary nature, their targeted prevention and treatment.

Received: 2025-01-28

Published online: 2025-03-29

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.124

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VIEWS 957

Levushkin SP, Milushkina OYu, Skoblina NA, Markelova SV, Tatarinchik AA, Ivanov MS

To prevent health problems in pediatric population, the Russian Federation (RF) is implementing the Complex of measures to combat obesity in children under 18 years of age, approved on December 1, 2023, No. 18824-P12-TG. The study aimed to consider body mass index (BMI) formation in Russian children and adolescents in the regional aspect. As part of the all-Russian monitoring of the physical development of children and adolescents in 2021–2024, BMI of 258,611 boys and 252,629 girls living in 50 constituent entities of the RF was studied. Big data analysis has shown that in most regions there is a harmonious development of the child population and the indicators fit into the BMI 25th–75th centile for the RF as a whole, which is 19.6–22.9 kg/m2 in boys aged 17 and 18.7–22.3 kg/m2 in girls. At the same time, there is an influence of socio-economic factors. The analysis of the regional features of BMI formation in children and adolescents aged 7–17 years has shown that BMI has a higher value, the lower the place of the subject of the RF in terms of gross regional product.

Received: 2024-08-21

Published online: 2025-03-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.123

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VIEWS 1415

Shestera AA, Trankovskaya LV

Today, preserving the health of medical students, who constitute the labor pool for Russia's healthcare system, is a strategically important task for both the state and society. The purpose of this work was to investigate the status of health of 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-year students of Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The students underwent a comprehensive examination at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. All in all, we examined 698 people in 2022 and 516 people in 2023. The examination was physical, focusing on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system, and also assessed the participants' mental health. Primary medical documentation was used as a source of information to assess the incidence of temporary disability and chronic non-communicable diseases of students. Data comparison was done using nonparametric statistical methods. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. We revealed a downward trend for the students' health indicators, which confirms their allocation into health status groups. At the beginning of the academic year, the 1s group was the largest, and by its end, the share of those reallocated to the 3rd group was significant, with the group including 33.1% of make participants and 36.8% of female participants. This study substantiates the need for continued monitoring of the health status of students. The resulting data enable assessment of the students' health status and identification of priority preventive measures to be developed to preserve their health.

Received: 2024-10-29

Published online: 2025-03-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.122

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VIEWS 1305

Novikova II, Lobkis MA, Mingazov IF, Sorokina AV, Popov VI

Overweight and obesity are some of the global problems faced by the civilization characterized by the growing prevalence and the development of concomitant diseases. This study aimed to assess the mid- and long-term incidence and dynamics of these disorders in various age groups of the population of Voronezh Oblast, including the mentioned concomitant chronic diseases, and to compare the learned data to the mean figures registered in the Central Federal District (CFD) of the Russian Federation and the country in general. From 2016 to 2020, in Voronezh Oblast, the values of the indicators reflecting the prevalence of overweight were profoundly influenced by the regional specifics; in all the age groups, these values were significantly higher than the mean figures recorded in the Central Federal District and Russia on the whole (p < 0.05). As for the concomitant diseases, the incidence of the disorders of endocrine system, mental and behavioral disorders, urolithiasis was high, showing an upward trend, whereas in the country in general and CFD in particular, the respective indicators tend to decrease. The results of this study indicate the need for further exploration of this subject, including investigation of the potential risk factors defining the specifics of the prevalence in the region in question, some of which are the features of the nutritional patterns, the content of vitamins and minerals in the general diet in particular, and factors not connected to nutrition, such as chemical composition of water and features of the soil.

Received: 2024-04-04

Published online: 2025-03-19

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.121

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VIEWS 439

Tsukareva EA, Avchinnikov AV

Protection of health of children is the most important task before the country; preservation and strengthening of health of schoolchildren necessitates introduction of scientifically sound technologies and new methods of hygienic education. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed original educational program for primary schoolchildren designed to give them knowledge about rational nutrition and healthy lifestyle. From 2019 to 2020, we tested the rational nutrition and healthy lifestyle skills development program that relies on the Children and Adolescents Individual Diet Calculation and Hygienic Assessment Module. The study involved 336 schoolchildren (176 schoolchildren in the treatment group, 160 in the control group) from 4 classes of three educational institutions in Smolensk. The analysis of effectiveness of preventive measures showed that the proportion of children whose daily diet included vegetables and fruits has grown 1.5 times, and the consumption of fast food products and sugary carbonated drinks has dropped 4 and 2.5 times, respectively. Control group, where no preventive measures were implemented, exhibited no positive trends. The effectiveness of the program was confirmed by a significant decrease in the share of overweight primary schoolchildren: from 17.6% to 9.3% (2 = 5.239, p = 0.023). The results of this study allow recommending the developed nutrition and healthy lifestyle skills development program as an effective hygienic education technology for primary schoolchildren.

Received: 2024-10-28

Published online: 2025-03-17

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.120

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VIEWS 447