Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Ievleva OV

Physicians, who provide general medical services, should give the patients an advice on physical activity. The study was aimed to assess physical activity of medical students, as well as their awareness of this issue, and willingness to provide the public an advice on commitment to a healthy lifestyle in terms of physical activity. A total of 518 medical students were surveyed. The data obtained with the Steps and Screen Time mobile applications were used. Physical fitness was assessed using the standard anthropometric technique. Statisctical processing of the data obtained was performed with the Statistica 13 PL statistical software package. The study met the requirements of biomedical ethics and posed no risk to participants. No significant differences in the number of steps between males and females was observed. It was 9033±3297 steps in males and 7807±3570 steps in females. The evidence supporting the relationship between physical activity and average time spent on a smartphone per day was obtained: the correlation coefficient for the relationship between the number of steps per day and the screen time was -0.36 (moderate negative correlation). Correlation coefficients for the relationships between body mass index and physical activity (-0.35) and between body mass index and screen time (0.33, moderate positive correlation) were calculated. The data obtained allowed us to develop simple and feasible guidelines on improving physical activity in medical students, as well as to develop a tracker of positive habit of daily optimal physical activity for each student, and to discuss the results within the framework of the business game Physical Activity in Various Sectors of Population.

Received: 2021-05-12

Published online: 2021-07-16

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.009

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VIEWS 2235

Chernyh AM, Kremleva AS, Belova AI

The study was aimed to compare physical developmental characteristics in children and adolescents aged 7–18 living in Kursk for the years 2000–2001 and 2019–2020. The study was carried out in general educational institutions located in different urban areas of Kursk in 2000–2001 and 2019–2020. The standard anthropometric measurements, instruments and statistical methods were used. A total of 20,083 school-age children and adolescents were examined. The inclusion criteria were as follows: school-age children and adolescents staying at the educational institution at the time of the study, informed consent form properly completed, anthropometric measurements correctly performed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software package. The 20-year monitoring of physical development characteristics performed in school-age children and adolescents living in Kursk revealed the significant increase in height and body weight in all age and gender groups. The harmonious body acceleration manifestations associated with the muscle strength increase were observed in the context of sociomedical progress in Kursk.

Received: 2021-02-26

Published online: 2021-06-07

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.008

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VIEWS 2362

Markelova SV, Fedotov DM, Khromova AV, Ievleva OV

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of distance learning technologies (DLTs) on the daily routine and health of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questions included in the questionnaire were intended to measure the awareness of students about the risks associated with distance learning (DL), elicit their opinion about the organization of the learning process and subjectively assess DL as such. The study was conducted in December 2020. It enrolled 508 medical students of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Moscow) and of Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk). Statistical analysis was performed in Statistica 13.0. For categorical variables, the significance of differences was assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Differences were considered significant at р≤0.05. The analysis reveals that 80% of the respondents thought that DLTs were implemented effectively. The dynamics of academic performance were used as an objective indicator of content assimilation. No significant differences were discovered in the academic performance of students before, during and after the DL period. Although medical students are ready to use some elements of DLTs in the learning process, there is a need for introducing active teaching methods, refining teaching strategies, perfecting teaching skills and teaching students competencies that can be used to maintain their health in the classroom and in a distance learning setting.

Received: 2021-03-25

Published online: 2021-04-19

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.007

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VIEWS 2337

Gorbachev DO, Sazonova OV, Gavryushin MYu, Borodina LM

Accumulation of anthropogenic contaminants in food is one of the by-products of economic and other activities practiced by humankind. This study aimed to analyze the public health risks associated with ingestion of organochlorine pesticides (HCH, DDT) widely used in agriculture. The risk assessment was enabled by Nutri-prof software package; the data collected covered actual dietary patterns of 1798 people (823 men and 975 women) aged 18 to 65. Assessment of the level of contamination of food with organochlorine pesticides relied on the results of analysis of 16510 food product samples belonging to various groups. Bread and bread products, vegetables and melons, potatoes, milk and dairy products were shown to be the source of HCH in the amounts causing the greatest non-cancerogenic risk associated therewith. The list of products delivering the largest amounts of DDT into the body and thus posing the greatest non-cancerogenic risk associated therewith includes bread and bread products, vegetables and melons, meat and meat products, milk and dairy products. With the median DDT and HCH concentrations factored in, the highest joint cancerogenic risk level a person may be exposed to reaches the third range, which is acceptable for occupational groups. From the age of 45, consumption of bread and bread products leads to the related endocrine system risks growing beyond background levels, and from 65, these risks, considered negligible up to this age, become moderate. The results of this study support effectiveness of the sanitary and epidemiological food safety control system; the considered methodological approach to risk assessment allows making timely management decisions that account for the nature of work and dietary peculiarities.

Received: 2021-03-16

Published online: 2021-04-19

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.006

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VIEWS 2475

Gritsina OP, Yatsenko AK, Trankovskaya LV, Tarasenko GA, Istomin SD

In 2020, the spread of the new coronavirus infection made the education system change significantly, the changes emergency by nature. This could not but affect lifestyle and health of students. This report presents the results of an investigation aimed at studying (hygienic assessment) the peculiarities of the daily time budget of Vladivostok students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Six hundred and thirty four students (years 1 through 4, aged 18 through 24) filled the questionnaires and thus reported on their educational activity, sleep, physical activity, nutrition. It was found that smartphone was the favorite e-learning tool among the respondents, with 5.84±0.93% of them having it is the only means of communication. Distance learners, compared with those studying in-person, significantly more often exceeded hygienic recommendations prescribing time limitations for continuous work with a computer/laptop (39.39±2.21% versus 28.47±3.76% χ2=5.69, p=0.018). Also, the former have significantly more often exceeded the 7-8 hour night sleep time (15.92±1.65% versus 6.94±2.12%, χ2=7.49, p=0.007). It was established that among students studying online there were significantly fewer people eating once (9.8±1.34% versus 24.31±3.57%, χ2=20.59, p<0.001) and shortly before sleep (52.24±2.26% versus 64.58±3.99%, χ2=6.85, p=0.009). Distance learners significantly more often went for a walk than those who attended full-time classes (56.73±2.24% versus 29.86±3.81%, χ2=8.32, p=0.004). Thus, distance learning allowed continuing the educational process itself, however, it changed the usual regimes and forced redistribution of the time costs.

Received: 2021-03-17

Published online: 2021-04-16

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.005

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VIEWS 2530

Tapeshkina NV, Koskina EV, Pochueva LP, Popkova LV, Vlasova OP, Sitnikova EM

Healthy diet has a complex protective impact on physical well-being, it ensures optimal functioning of all processes in the child’s body, especially during the pandemic. Рurpose of the study: to assess actual dietary intake in secondary school students during remote learning due to COVID-19 quarantine and restrictive measures. Descriptive study aimed to assess actual dietary intake in 5th and 6th grade secondary school students aged 12-13 was carried out; the students lived in different mono-cities of Kemerovo region, and their parents had approved their participation in the study. Actual dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall (n=40). Comparison of the diet composition qualitative and quantitative characteristics was carried out based on the current sanitary regulations, as well as the latest issue of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety guidelines. Insufficient intake of fish and seafood, eggs, milk and dairy products, vegetables, fruit, and juices was revealed in children. The daily diet included excessive amounts of bakery products, pasta, sausage products, confectionery products, and sugar. Energy value of the diet in secondary school students exceeded physiological requirements recommended during quarantine. The diet was unbalanced in terms of micronutrient content: along with sufficient contribution of protein and carbohydrates to the total calorie value, the excessive amount of fat together with insufficient amount of vegetable fat was detected. The eating pattern shaped during homestay lead to insufficient intake of micronutrients (vitamins В1, В2, РР, А), as well as to imbalanced intake of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. The study has shown that the diet of secondary school students staying at home due to quarantine does not confirm with healthy eating principles and is not rational in terms of the food product set.

Received: 2021-03-16

Published online: 2021-04-12

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.004

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VIEWS 2820

Efimova NV

The aim of this study was to estimate the energy content, macronutrient intake and their impact on the somatometric parameters in older working-age men. A total of 284 men included in the study were asked to fill out the questionnaire and underwent a physical examination. Dietary patterns were studied using a 24h recall method. The following measurements were taken: body height and weight, waist and hip circumference. BMI was calculated. The participants were divided into 3 groups by the level of their physical activity (PA): low PA (energy expenditure 2300≤PA<2700 kcal/day), moderate PA (2700≤PA<3100), high PA (3100≤PA<4000). Of all study participants, 22.3% had normal BMI, 31.7% were generally obese, and 27.1% had abdominal obesity. Individuals with abdominal obesity made up 93.3±3.7% of the general obesity group. On average, energy intake was within the reference range for 60.3±2.9% of the participants, was higher than recommended in 21.7±2.4% of cases and below the recommended level in 17.9±2.3% of cases. The risk of obesity for individuals whose dietary energy intake exceeded the recommended levels was ОR=1.9 [1.05-3.67], χ2=2.7; р=0.05. The diet of subjects with BMI ≥ 30 had higher protein, cholesterol and starch content than in other groups. The high PA group was at risk of abdominal and general obesity (OR=3.6 [1.5-7.7], р=0.005 and OR=3.6 [1.5-7.7], р=0.005, respectively). In the low PA group, increased BMI was observed in 47.4±3.4% of the subjects, and 12.3±5.8% had abdominal obesity. Our findings may be useful for developing nutritional guidelines for the working-age population.

Received: 2021-03-15

Published online: 2021-04-09

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.003

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VIEWS 2450

Milushkina OYu, Skoblina NA, Markelova SV, Fedotov DM, Kaminer DD, Ievleva OV, Savchuk PO

The aim of this study was to provide a rationale for and to assess the effectiveness of a simulation game in educating medical students who take a course in hygiene-related disciplines about the healthy use of electronic devices. The game was designed by the Department of Hygiene and focused on teaching skills for healthy use of ED. The game was a roleplay simulation, in which students played the role of doctors educating various populations (preschoolers, schoolers, college and higher institution students) about good hygiene practices. The study recruited 220 healthcare workers and 256 medical students. Inclusion criteria: informed consent to participate; submitting a properly completed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted in Statistica 13.0. Of all the healthcare workers participating in the study, 30.0% did not have skills for using electronic devices healthily. The students gave 6.1±0.09 points out of 10 to their commitment to a healthy lifestyle and 5.6±0.12 points out of 10 to their willingness to educate their patients about healthy living. The proposed simulation game helps medical students to develop universal and generic professional competencies needed to lead and promote a healthy lifestyle. The game improves motivation to study, ensures better visibility of learning materials and opens up opportunities for creativity and initiative.

Received: 2021-03-16

Published online: 2021-04-09

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.002

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VIEWS 2429