Aluminum production facilities emit three specific compounds into the atmosphere: aluminum oxide, hydrofluoride, and benzo[a]pyrene. Together, these pollutants pose a health risk, including through their capacity to induce oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their combined toxicity have not been sufficiently investigated to support early diagnostics and the prediction of health hazards to the population. This study aimed to systematize and analyze the literature on the combined effects of oxidizing airborne pollutants on structurally dependent molecular mechanisms underlying changes in the proteomic profile. An analytical synthesis of the available data enabled the identification of key molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of aluminum oxide, hydrofluoride, and benzo[a]pyrene, including the induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial cytotoxicity, suppression of the antioxidant defense system, and disruption of energy metabolism. This study underscores the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of airborne pollutants and for the introduction of integrated approaches to assessing health risks among populations residing in areas affected by multiple airborne pollutants.