Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Currently, there are many problems with the reproductive health of schoolchildren, which can have an adverse effect on the future generations. This article overviews the current papers highlighting the most common problems that negatively affect reproductive health. The key conclusions include statements of the existing problems and suggested measures to counter them. Statements: as a rule, schoolchildren lack sufficient knowledge and skills in the field of reproductive health; often, they do not know the physiological characteristics of their body or cannot navigate them, do not recognize what is normal and what is not in the context of the age-driven development of the body. Measures: educational establishments need to develop and implement preventive measures and programs aimed at teaching schoolchildren the correct reproductive behavior.

Received: 2023-08-25

Published online: 2023-09-22

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.077

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VIEWS 387

Markelova SV, Tatarinchik AA, Ievleva OV

Today, the existing regulatory and methodological documents provide no approved methodological approach to hygienic assessment of brightness and pulsation of mobile electronic devices (MEDs) with a small screen. The study was aimed to customize the current procedures used to assess brightness and pulsation of electronic devices with a large screen for hygienic assessment of brightness and pulsation of the small-sized MED screens. The design characteristics of 100 MEDs (smartphones and tablets) used by medical students in their leisure time and during training were estimated; pulsation and brightness of the MED screens were studied. The questionnaire survey of 173 medical students was performed that involved the use of the questionnaire developed by members of the Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; the students’ visual acuity was assessed. Two thirds of medical students (67.5%) use MEDs with the screen size exceeding the average (5.5–6.8 inches). The average brightness of every second MED is less than 50.0% of the highest possible brightness. The decrease in the MED screen brightness results in the increase of pulsation coefficient (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient –0.462 ± 0.025, p ≤ 0.05), which can worsen the conditions of visual work. Three quarters of students (76.0%) experience shortage of battery charge during the day; every second student (52.2%) uses the “dark” theme. The development of computer vision syndrome in students is influenced by the MED screen small size (Pearson's contingency coefficient 0.791 ± 0.026, p ≤ 0.05) and its low brightness (Pearson's contingency coefficient 0.781 ± 0.027, p ≤ 0.05), which confirms a sanitary legislation provision on prohibition of the use of smartphones in educational activities (for training). The use of the proposed methodological approach will make it possible to improve the efficiency of vision problem prevention in the population.

Received: 2023-07-24

Published online: 2023-09-18

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.076

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VIEWS 393

Milushkina OYu, Vasilev DE, Timerzyanov MI, Valeeva YuV, Kiyasova EV

Discharging their duties, doctors manning autopsy departments and forensic examiners contact infected biological objects and risk contracting infectious diseases. The risk they run is much higher than dangers faced by specialists involved in other aspects of forensic investigations. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and quality of mechanized cleaning of autopsy tools in ultrasonic cleaners following standard operating procedures. We compared the results of sanitary and bacteriological examination of the said tools washed manually and mechanically, with the help of ultrasonic cleaners. McNemar’s test used in the context of processing of the data allowed revealing the frequency of change of the monitored indicators between the two groups. Mechanical cleaning minimizes direct contact with the tools, allows decontamination of items of complex geometry (including their hard-to-reach parts) without damaging them and ensures high quality of cleaning. With ultrasonic cleaners, mechanized cleaning significantly shortens the time needed to clean medical tools, eliminates the need to wash them manually without compromising their operability, and brings down the risk of workplace injuries and occupational morbidity.

Received: 2023-07-17

Published online: 2023-09-16

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.075

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VIEWS 432

The impact of modern factors of educational environment and extracurricular factors results in the risk of the development and progression of functional impairment and chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the diseases of the eye and adnexa in students. The study was aimed to substantiate the programs of hygienic education in terms of compliance with hygienic recommendations on prevention of the diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the eye and adnexa based on the analysis of scientific papers. The review of studies conducted in 2011–2023 by the Russian and foreign experts that were focused on the impact of the educational environmental factors and the daily routine components on the students’ health status was performed using the E-Library, PubMed, Web of Science electronic databases. The impact of such risk factors, as irrational daily routine organization, on the health of students attending general schools, professional and higher educational institutions has been shown. The risk of disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the eye and adnexa resulting from the excess stay in digital environment, lack of physical activity, irrational leisure time organization has been assessed. It is necessary to develop the hygienic training programs involving teachers, lecturers and parents to prevent the effects of the risk factors for disorders of the mysculoskeletal system and the eye and adnexa.

Received: 2023-08-03

Published online: 2023-08-29

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.074

Comments 0

VIEWS 426

Introduction of the fifth-generation wireless networks (5G) will increase the number of 5G base stations and 5G-enabled devices. This review sought to find the answer to the key question: can such devices be harmful? The review covers scientific data published from 2009 to 2022 and available at eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka. We investigated the problems of definition, regulation, accumulation of data on 5G networks, and summarized the papers reporting how electromagnetic fields in 5G frequency bands affect adults and children. Despite the large amount of contradictory data, the available studies do not provide adequate information that could enable a meaningful assessment of the safety of 5G networks.

Received: 2023-06-19

Published online: 2023-07-17

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.073

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VIEWS 1675

Bashmakov OA, Gunko AL

Currently, a significant increase in the drive to get higher education is noted among young people. After falling into new conditions, students experience changes in their lifestyle and quality of life, as well as training mode. They have trouble adjusting to the new social and cultural community. The study was aimed to study the students’ lifestyle, assess their health status, and compare the conditions of medical care provision to students in the past and today. The questionnaire survey involved 151 students (grades 1–3) of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. The students noted changes in their sleep, diet, physical activity due to severe psychoemotional load arising from falling into new educational environment and exploring the higher education programs. Some students reported exacerbation of chronic diseases. The findings and the literature analysis make it possible to conclude that it is necessary to establish student outpatient clinics allowing for annual health screening.

Received: 2023-02-13

Published online: 2023-06-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.072

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VIEWS 420

Milushkina OYu, Markelova SV, Ievleva OV, Skoblina NA, Khorosheva IV, Devrishov RD, Selina EG

Healthy lifestyle formation is one of the tasks of the hygiene education of children, adolescents and young adults. That is why it is necessary for educational institutions to implement the technologies focused on health preservation in students. The study was aimed to develop and test the technology for hygiene training of students. In 2017–2019 we tested the “Habit Trackers – Checklists” technology in dynamics within the framework of the hygiene training of schoolchildren in the Moscow and Astrakhan regions, and in 2021–2023 the technology was tested for college and university students. A total of 502 schoolchildren, 234 college students, and 429 university students were enrolled. In educational institutions, where the hygiene training program was implemented, the number of schoolchildren with the diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue decreased by 1.4 times, and the number of students with eye diseases decreased by 2.6 times compared to other educational institutions of the Astrakhan region. Later, when the technology was tested for college and university students, the number of students having medium and high levels of physical activity increased from 46.0% (before the hygiene training) to 72.0% (after the hygiene training). The findings allow us to recommend replicating the proposed hygiene training program in educational institutions.

Received: 2023-06-10

Published online: 2023-06-23

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.071

Comments 0

VIEWS 524

Dubrovina EA, Goncharova GA

The article analyzes the experience of developing health preservation competencies of medical students in the context of blended learning and application of innovative health preservation techniques. Health preservation is a multilevel problem that requires an integrated approach implying readiness of medical graduates to respond flexibly to the changing landscape of their professional activities; therefore, the article discusses some promising options of mastering universal competencies and their integration into the educational process while factoring in the current knowledge on hygiene education, patterns of thinking, psychology of consciousness, decision-making and practical skills, all of which should be developed and consolidated by applying the various current forms, technologies and methods of work.

Received: 2023-05-26

Published online: 2023-06-22

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.070

Comments 0

VIEWS 456