Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Savchuk PO, Milushkina OYu

Volunteering is becoming an integral part of life of people of different age. Volunteers can currently be met in every sphere of life. The phenomenon of readiness to free aid is particularly evident in healthcare. Schoolchildren, students and young specialists participate in this process. The purpose of the article is to systematize and represent the modern stage of medical volunteering development as part of volunteer activities and social phenomenon that can be formed with the help of a favorable environment and measures of support at the state, industry-specific and regional levels. Volunteer activity can serve as a good tool of sanitary education of citizens and volunteers.

Received: 2022-01-19

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.037

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VIEWS 1007

Levushkin SP, Zhukov OF, Skoblina NA, Skoblina EV

The aim of the study is to establish a trend in the body mass index of schoolchildren in different regions of the country. The study was carried out in 2021 as part of the all-Russian monitoring of the physical development of schoolchildren aged 7–17 years (the number of boys - 30,965, the number of girls - 33,290). The statistical software package Statistica 13 PL has been used for data processing. BMI indicators have been established for Russian schoolchildren. Some regional differences in BMI indicators and the influence of the organization of medical support factor in the region have been shown. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the BMI of schoolchildren and the availability of doctors and nurses per 10,000 of population were -0.63 and -0.39 (p ≤ 0.05). The age and gender standards for BMI for Russian schoolchildren have been updated. A trend towards higher BMI rates in various subjects of the Russian Federation has been revealed, which may be due, among other things, to indicators characterizing the organization of the medical population in the region.

Received: 2022-01-17

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.036

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VIEWS 1053

Eliseeva YuV, Ratushnaya NSh, Dubrovina EA

Healthcare professionals deal with the greatest prevalence of burnout syndrome (BS). The object of this paper is to study the effect of psychological climate and working conditions on risks of burnout in a team of healthcare professionals. Working conditions of 136 healthcare workers from the Saratov region who underwent little training were examined according to Regulation 2.2006–05. The level of burnout was estimated in accordance with the method of V. V. Boyko, and the psychological climate in a team was analyzed using A. F. Fiedler’s questionnaire. The results were processed with the help of Microsoft Еxcel 10 for Windows. Based on the research results, the BS signs were recorded in 52.3% of healthcare workers. Physical and emotional symptoms were predominant BS signs. Factors predisposing to BS in healthcare workers have been determined. It is established that there is a dependence between a harmful factor of working conditions and probable BS. The dependence acquires significance at 3.2 level of working conditions. It is determined that the risk of BS was 74.3% in the most unfavorable psychological climate, and didn’t reach 21% if the climate was favorable.

Received: 2022-01-20

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.035

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VIEWS 1171

The purpose of our research was to provide a general hygienic assessment of an effect produced by labor conditions on quality of life dependent on the prevalence rate of parameters that form the voice pathology, and to develop prevention recommendations. The interrelation between objective complaints and diagnosed voice pathologies was examined. 224 teachers aged ≥ 38 y. o. who participated in the study were selected based on subjective complaints and objective data. Two examined groups of teachers were formed during the preliminary survey. The first control group consisted of 30 healthy non-smoking men and 70 women. The second group included 26 men and 98 women with different voice disorders. 79% of those surveyed had voice disorders (dysphonia), and 28% had aphonia, which occurred in those surveyed 2–5 times during the academic year. Over 70% of teachers from the second group lost their voice strength, 61% complained of periodically occurring hoarse and husky voice, one third (32%) had dry cough, every fourth person (24%) complained of decreased voice pitch. The extraordinary majority of teachers (77%) associated their voice distortion with a great professional vocal load. Remote results obtained at six months after the therapeutic and preventive course of Homeovox in teachers of higher educational institutions with a voice pathology significantly confirmed life quality improvement.

Received: 2022-01-19

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.033

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VIEWS 978

Tarasov AV, Rakhmanov RS, Bogomolova ES, Skoblina NA, Ievleva OV

Students belong to a special medical and social group. A risk of health disturbances is typical of this community. It is associated with the influence of various habitat and educational factors. The most significant factors have been determined based on the analysis of literature data. It is about high levels of stress and depression due to low physical activity, high level of psychoemotional stress during lessons and examination periods, irrational and irregular nutrition, social adaptation to a new habitat, which is often accompanied by acclimatization while moving for educational purposes, disorders of sleep and rest, harmful habits. Significant areas of development of self-preserving technologies for students were determined based on the obtained data. They can include as follows: examination of morbidity risk factors due to the educational period (from the first to the last educational year), assessing the effect of weather and climate conditions on the educational territory (examining the process of students’ acclimatization), determining the role (peculiarities) of academic process technologies as a health risk factor (long-distance learning technologies, certain educational program), examining the progression and technology optimizing students’ way of life at different stages of education, assessment of physical activity, influence on accessibility of educational programs, significance of using electronic devices and educational means, feeding trends (ethnic ones, conditions and possibilities of adherence to the principles of healthy nutrition), etc.

Received: 2022-01-21

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.034

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VIEWS 1047

Studying nutrition patterns in children remains relevant for analysis of nutritional status in the population, including children. Child nutrition is considered the environmental factor that eventually defines the child’s health status and life expectancy. The large scale commercial market of adapted and partially adapted milk formulas for bottle feeding usually encourages mothers to refuse to breastfeed and transfer their babies to bottle feeding, which could be unsafe for the child. Supplementary and complementary foods could contain various foreign substances, which could increase chemical load on the growing child’s body by means of the consumed food products. The study was aimed to assess nutrition patterns in infants based on the questionnaire survey of 600 mothers in various healthcare institutions and to evaluate chemical contamination of the products for bottle feeding/supplementary feeding of infants, as well as of complementary foods based on the data acquired by the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring of the Russian Federation in 65 federal subjects in 2012–2017. The data obtained were processed using the Microsoft Word 2010 and Microsoft Excel 2010 software. It has been found that 37.3% infants are breastfed, 62.7% of infants are bottle-fed or supplemented. In 74.7% of cases complementary foods are introduced at the age of 4–6 months. Fruit and vegetable products are most commonly used as first complementary foods, after which cereal foods (cereal mixes) and canned meat are introduced. These types of food products have the highest concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury).

Received: 2021-10-05

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.032

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VIEWS 1002

In modern school education, a system, developing high academic loads among schoolchildren, is being formed. The loads pose a serious problem, creating inevitable medical consequences, and producing a negative effect on the morbidity and structure of the pathology for this group of children and adolescents. Given the situation, control over the academic load, its rational distribution and initiating supervision over the academic process intensity are relevant. Basic negative factors of academic process organization were found in the course of academic schedule analysis in 1.728 classes and estimating the academic process intensity during 3.500 lessons. The maximum non-conformities to hygienic standards were found in high school students from cities. It was established that a weekly academic load was exceeded after school owing to extended learning activities, and irrational distribution of a weekly academic load because of difficult subjects. Intellectual, sensory and emotional loads were the leading criteria of an intense academic process. Highly intense academic load was noted for such school subjects as Russian, Algebra, Foreign language, Chemistry and Geometry. The same subjects are taught in different major classes with a various degree of intensity. This required scored correction of how difficult the subjects are in senior major classes.

Received: 2021-10-05

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.025

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VIEWS 1029

Pavlova GV, Markelova SV, Martiusheva VI

The number of research papers about the impact electronic devices produce on the younger generation that uses them is constantly growing. This study aimed to identify the leading hearing loss risk factors for children, adolescents and youth associated with use of mobile electronic devices with headphones In the 2017–2021 academic years, we surveyed 518 students in Moscow and 1000 schoolchildren and students in the towns of Izhevsk and Tchaikovsky. The survey was designed to collect data on the conditions in which the respondents use mobile electronic devices with headphones, design features of the headphones used and their hearing health status. The inclusion criteria were: status of a schoolchild, student, signed and submitted informed consent form, questionnaire correctly completed by the respondent or his/her legal representative, one or more years of using mobile electronic devices. The conducted study does not endanger the participants and complies with the biomedical ethics requirements. Statistica 13 PL software was used for statistical processing of the data collected. Fourteen percent of the respondents reported hearing deterioration in the course of the last year. Prolonged use of mobile electronic devices with headphones increases the risk of hearing loss by 10.4 times, listening to audio files at maximum volume — by 3.2 times, listening to audio files while in a moving vehicle — by 7.1 times. Most schoolchildren and students with hearing impairments have been using headphones for at least a year, preferred in-ear headphones with silicone tips, used them at maximum volume daily, for more than two hours a day, including while in a moving vehicle. The recommendations for students and schoolchildren is to limit the time of use of their electronic devices with headphones and use them at a lower volume; complying with the recommendations can improve the functional state of their health. It is also recommended not to use headphones while in a moving vehicle. If hearing begins deteriorating, it is necessary to cease using mobile electronic devices with headphones. Today, schoolchildren and students are exposed to the hearing impairment risks associated with use of mobile electronic devices with headphones, which makes the search for the most efficient ways of forming healthy lifestyle habits among them even more urgent.

Received: 2021-10-03

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.028

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VIEWS 1055