Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Ulianov IA, Nehaenko NE, Ostroushko NI, Meremyanin LV, Ulianova AV, Petrova TN, Sharapova YuA

The issues of damage to health related to the spread of nicotine product consumption are global. At the initiative of the Department of Healthcare Management, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, the organizational model of medical measures to overcome nicotine dependence involving formation of the smoking cessation groups among young adults, management and enlightment of the participants on the issues related to damage from nicotine dependence and free provision of the medicines facilitating smoking cessation was implemented. The study was aimed to assess the organizational model effectiveness based on the nicotine cessation rates of young adults. The model participants (42 individuals) were divided into three groups and provided free medicines: tablets containing cytisine in group 1, nicotine sprays in group 2, nicotine patches in group 3. The experiment was conducted for 30 days, during which three follow-up questionnaire surveys were performed. In the experiment, 31.7% of subjects stopped smoking completely, while the total positive effect bringing together those, who ceased smoking, and those, who reduced smoking, was 66.7%. Furthermore, the tablets containing cytisine turned out to be the most effective option. Thus, the study results obtained within the framework of the proposed organizational model can be considered useful in terms of further practical use. It can be recommended to include the model in the target program involving provision of medicines for treatment of nicotine dependence at the expense of the regional budget and attracted funds of enterprises and organizations.

Received: 2023-10-24

Published online: 2024-06-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.099

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VIEWS 1314

Chevzhik YuV, Milushkina OYu, Shemyakov SE, Skoblina NA, Samokhina AO

Currently, there is increasing number of overweight people all over the world. The increase in the incidence of depression among the population, especially among adolescents and young adults, has been reported. The study was aimed to determine the relationship between excess body weight and severity of depression in the young adult students taught at the initial courses in the medical university. The study involved 230 junior medical students (163 females and 67 males) having no chronic disorders. Body mass index (BMI) was determined in the subjects. The depression severity was defined using the Beck Depression Inventory. The analysis showed that the average BMI was 3.0 ± 3.9 AU in males and 22.0 ± 4.3 AU in females. The share of underweight male subjects was 7.5%, while the share of underweight females was 10.5%; 28.3% of males and 13.5% of female subjects had excess body weight and obesity of varying severity. No signs of depression were found in 66.0% of males and 61.0% of females. We revealed no significant correlation between BMI and depression.

Received: 2023-12-05

Published online: 2024-06-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.098

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VIEWS 1401

Shestera AA, Trankovskaya LV, Kaerova EV, Nagirnaya LN

Preserving the health of student youth is one of the state's priority tasks. The relevance of the issue results from the students’ health deterioration. The study was aimed to assess physical development in students of the medical higher educational instutution considering their lifestyle. We performed comparative assessment of physical development in 940 first-year students of the Pacific State Medical University. The source of information was primary medical documentation (form No. 025-CZ/u). Polling was used to assess the students’ lifestyle. The CHAID algorithm for decision trees was used in 2021 to estimate the effects of lifestyle on the indicators of physical development in students. It was found that the students’ body length decreased over 20 years. The chest circumference of students increased (p = 0.001). The right and left hand grip strength decreased (p < 0.001). A significant increase in the vital capacity was reported in males only (p = 0.007). We revealed the increase in the number of students with disharmonious physical development (by 9.4% in males and 15.3% in females) due to overweight, along with reduction of body weight by 12.5% in males. The risk factors of disharmonious physical development with the highest impact factor in males were as follows: the lack of vegetables in the diet and the use of social media and computer games during free time. In females, the risk factors were as follows: daily consumption of cereals, pasta, and bread and living apart from parents. The findings make it possible to estimate the risk factors of disharmonious physical development and determine the priority directions for the development of preventive measures for preservation of students’ health.

Received: 2023-10-27

Published online: 2024-06-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.097

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VIEWS 1345

Domakhina AS, Korsakov AV, Troshin VP, Pivovarov YuP, Korolik VV

Anthropogenic impact on the biosphere has become one of the major factors dictating the conditions of our existence on the Earth. The study was aimed to perform comparative analysis of the rate of cytogenetic alterations, indicators of proliferation and destruction of the nucleus in the vaginal epithelium reflecting the reproductive health status of pregnant women aged 26–33 years living in conditions of radioactive, chemical and combined contamination of the territories of Bryansk Region. Cytogenetic status of 80 pregnant women divided into four groups, 20 individuals per group, was assessed using the micronucleus test. The rate of cytogenetic alterations, indicators of proliferation and destruction of the nucleus in the vaginal epithelium of pregnant women living in the environmentally disadvantaged territories was 1.9–4.9 times higher (p < 0.001) compared to that in women living in the environmentally safe (control) districts. The combined effects of radioactive and chemical contamination resulted in the significantly higher rate (increase from 12.8 to 81.4%) of cells with micronuclei, nuclear protrusions, binucleated cells, as well as cells with karyopyknosis and karyolysis compared to the effect of only one pollution factor. The findings are likely to show synergy of the effects of radiation and chemical factors on the cytogenetic status of pregnant women.

Received: 2024-02-05

Published online: 2024-06-25

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.096

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VIEWS 1487

Libina II, Chernykh NYu, Melikhova EP, Skrebneva AV, Fertikova TE, Vasilieva MV, Khatuaev RO

In modern society, smoking is one of the most common harmful habits. The issue of smoking among medical students and the ways to address it are particularly relevant. The study was aimed to identify the priority factors contributing to smoking as the main harmful habit. We performed a cross-sectional study of 254 students using the tailored questionnaire, D. Horn test, and Fagerstrom test. The data obtained were processed and analyzed using the mathematical statistics methods. The findings have shown that 68.4% of students are smokers. The majority of students report negative health effects of smoking: 45% of students complain of cough, 38% complain of mucus, 52% complain of the decrease in physical endurance. Furthermore, low motivation for smoking cessation has been revealed in the majority of respondents. Vaping turned out to be the smoking type most popular among students, and the majority of respondents believe that it is harmless. The identified predominant types of smoking behavior (“support”, “craving”) suggest emotional stress. The correlation between the students’ anxious emotional state and the frequency of smoking has been found (r = 0.79). Learning problems and emotional stress are the priority factors contributing to smoking as the main harmful habit of students. Thus, the issue of smoking should be considered both in medical-biological and socio-psychological aspects. It is important to shape health-saving behavior in students through hygienic training and education.

Received: 2024-04-01

Published online: 2024-05-15

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.095

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VIEWS 1570

Milushkina OYu, Skoblina NA, Markelova SV

High demand for electronic devices used both for educational purposes and during leisure time among the representatives of younger generation is reported. Inadequate development of skills related to the safe use of electronic devices results in impaired daily routine and eating pattern, impairs the quality and duration of sleep, contributes to the development of internet addiction, determines the risk of health problems in users, and provides the basis for the development of prevention programs to be used at the population, group, and individual levels. The paper summarizes the data on the influence of electronic devices on the lifestyle and health of young adults. The review of scientific papers published in the international and Russian databases (E-Library, PubMed, Cyberleninka) in 2019–2023 is provided. The accumulated knowledge about the adverse effects of electronic devices on health will make it possible to use the findings to search for effective preventive measures and plan further scientific research.

Received: 2023-12-22

Published online: 2024-05-08

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.094

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VIEWS 1516

Kurgansky AM

The information revolution and intensive development of electronic devices take place in the recent decades. Furthermore, not so long ago such a hygienic factor, as the display luminance pulse-width modulation (PWM) capable of causing visual discomfort (PWM symptoms) in individuals with increased sensitivity to visual load, has become relevant. The main complaints include eye pain, headache, sometimes nausea, up to the inability to use such screens. Moreover, this characteristic can be peculiar not only to LED (AMOLED, etc.), but also to IPS displays due to the presence of the LED backlight layer. No regulation of the issue has led to the emergence of online resources on PWM and the problem of visual impairment, where users verify the data on their own, which suggests the relevance of the subject selected. The paper reports theoretical aspects of PWM, technical characteristics of displays with PWM; the approaches to PWM measurement are described; the possible ways to reduce visual discomfort are discussed. Furthermore, the paper describes the method to measure PWM of displays using a photo camera with the exposure time set to 1/20 s, along with the method testing results. It has been shown that further research focused on assessing the effects of PWM on vision and the development of the method for hygienic assessment of monitors and smartphone screens with PWM are required.

Received: 2023-12-07

Published online: 2024-03-28

DOI: 10.24075//rbh.2024.093

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VIEWS 1677

Mekhantyev II, Enin AV

Numerous studies conducted by domestic and foreign researchers report the influence of environmental pollution on shaping morbidity of a population. The study was aimed to rank the territories of the Voronezh Region by the incidence rates probably resulting from chemical pollution of atmospheric air, drinking water, soils in residential areas recorded in 2018–2022. The districts were divided into three groups based on the long-time annual average incidence rates. The degree of correlation between the disease entities and the chemical environmental factors was determined through correlation analysis. The findings have shown that the city of Voronezh and Pavlovsky District are the territories at risk of the disorders with the etiology that is likely to be associated with chemical air pollution. The territories at risk of the disorders that are likely to be associated with chemical pollution of drinking water include Kashirsky, Kantemirovsky, Olkhovatsky, Ternovsky, Khokholsky districts, while the territories at risk of the disorders that are likely to be associated with chemical pollution of soils in residential areas include the city of Voronezh, Borisoglebsky city district, Liskinsky and Rossoshansky districts. The situation observed in the above administrative territories requires in-depth study of the degree of the impact of chemical factors on public health and identification of the sources of these factors. The findings can be used to develop the guidelines on minimization of the adverse effects of chemical environmental factors on public health in the region.

Received: 2023-12-14

Published online: 2024-03-25

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.092

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VIEWS 1612