Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Khramtsov PI, Kurgansky AM, Berezina NO, Antonova EV, Krayeva AYu

A significant change in the lifestyle of modern children associated with the active use of digital devices in educational and leisure activities can affect their psychomotor development. The study aimed to assess the effect of using smartphones and computers on psychomotor function indicators in primary school students. A questionnaire survey of 333 parents of the 1−4-year students attending Zemskaya Gimnasia in Balashikha on issues of children's life was conducted. The students’ screen time when using a computer and smartphone throughout the day and week was estimated. To assess the students’ psychomotor functions, the Little House test and motometric test conducted by teachers were used. Assessment of the effect of computer use on psychomotor development indicators revealed a correlation. Thus, when using a computer, a deterioration in fine motor skills was noted; the correlation coefficient (r) for the parameters of visual-motor coordination and the duration of computer use per day was 0.320 (p = 0.002). The correlation coefficient for the duration of computer use and the primary school students’ final psychomotor development score was 0.235 (p = 0.028). The same result was obtained for the integrated assessment of fine motor skill development and its association with the duration of computer use per day: r = 0.253 (p = 0.025). However, there was no correlation between screen time when using a smartphone and psychomotor functions. The findings can be used in the development and justification of preventive technologies to prevent the negative impact of digital devices on the development of psychomotor functions in children, especially at the initial stage of systematic education.

Received: 2025-08-01

Published online: 2025-12-23

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.145

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VIEWS 704

Kryukova AE, Korsakov AV, Troshin VP, Milushkina OYu, Pivovarov YuP, Korolik VV

Living in ecologically compromised regions can significantly increase the risk of malignant neoplasms in the female reproductive system, including uterine body cancer (UBC). This study aimed to calculate the relative risk (RR) and the frequency of primary incidence of UBC among women aged 41–60 years living in areas with different levels of exposure to radiation, chemical, and combined environmental factors. The analysis considered high-, moderate-, and low-grade forms of UBC over a 20-year period (2000–2019). Information for the study was provided by Bryanskstat (Bryansk Region Statistical Bureau), Bryansk Regional Oncological Dispensary, Rospotrebnadzor and Rostechnadzor. We found that the RR of initial occurrence of high-grade forms of UBC in women living in ecologically compromised regions was considerably higher than that in female population of ecologically safe (control) territories, reaching the mean value of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.00–1.64); p = 0.047). Other findings include an increased RR of occurrence of both high- and, to a greater extent, low-grade forms of UBC in areas with high radioactive and chemical contamination — 1.19 (95% CI: 0.87–1.63) and 1.36 (95% CI: 0.70–2.65), respectively; the relative risks for combined and chemical contamination areas were 1.18 (95% CI: 0.90–1.55) and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.75–2.39), respectively; no increase was observed between the territories with combined and radioactive contamination — 0.99 (95% CI: 0.67–1.46) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.44–2.21). In all likelihood, the data from this study indicate that accident-related radiation contamination plays a more significant role in the development of high-grade — and especially low-grade — forms of UBC than does chemical contamination.

Received: 2025-04-18

Published online: 2025-12-22

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.144

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VIEWS 807

Bogdanova OG

At the current stage of societal development, there is an increasing need to introduce innovative approaches to the pedagogical process to enhance the quality and accessibility of postgraduate education. The specifics of modern education are the widespread use of computer technology and the Internet, which provide connection to intelligent information systems and technologies. Such tools enable training when there is a significant distance between the student and the teacher. Telecommunication and network technologies are well integrated into postgraduate education, including programs for paramedics. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of distance learning in delivering advanced training programs in "Hygiene and Sanitation" and "Hygienic Education" to postgraduate paramedics enrolled in a part-time curriculum. We surveyed 30 general hygiene assistants. The main research methods were logical analysis, generalization, systematization of published information, and reflection on digitalization experience. In the survey ranking, the highest mean score — 6.84 (6.77; 6.91) — was assigned to three questions related to the organization of the advanced training cycle and the clarity of learning goals and content. The lowest score, corresponding to the third rank, was given to the question on the effectiveness of distance learning. Although this question received a mean score of 5.37 (5.23; 5.51), it was still above the neutral level of 4 points. The results of the survey allowed suggesting that the introduction of distance learning significantly increases motivation to learn and reduces the time spent on periodic professional development.

Received: 2025-07-10

Published online: 2025-12-10

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.143

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VIEWS 1127

Paramonova VA, Chudinin NV, Skoblina NA, Dementiev AA, Semicheva VR, Tatarinchik AA

Physical development is the most important indicator of the health of children and adolescents, since it enables monitoring thereof. This study aimed to assess the harmonicity of physical development in schoolchildren living in the new territories of the Russian Federation. We used the anthropometric data (body length and weight) of schoolchildren aged 7 to 17 years from the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR; 4004 people) and the Kherson region (2902 people). More than 60% of schoolchildren from the DPR had harmonious physical development, and the least number of harmoniously developed children was observed in the age groups of 11−14 years (58.4% of boys and 56.6% of girls); as for the Kherson region, the physical development was harmonious in more than 50% of schoolchildren therefrom, and lowest number of harmoniously developed children was found in the age groups of 11−14 years (43.1% boys and 45.3% of girls). We identified significant differences in the appearance of the relative risk of disharmonious physical development between boys aged 7−10 and 11−14 years in the DPR and the Kherson region (χ2 = 21.6, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 59.328, p < 0.001, respectively), as well as between girls of the same age groups (χ2 = 14.383, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 11.843, p < 0.001). These relative risk figures indicate that there is a direct link between the territories and the likelihood of disharmonious physical development. The correlation analysis and the calculation of relative risk yielded determination of the critical groups among schoolchildren aged 11−14 in which the number of children developed disharmoniously was the largest.

Received: 2024-12-03

Published online: 2025-12-04

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.142

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VIEWS 814

Averyanova AN, Sazonova OV, Gavryushin MYu, Trubetskaya SR, Hamtsova RV, Tupikova DS, Frolova OV

This review article examines the effect of nutrition on the functional state of an organism with persistent disorders. The assessment of nutrition given in the current research shows that it does not match the needs of such an organism. Statistics for the Russian Federation reveal that the number of disabled people in the country is on an upward trend, which is of high prognostic significance in the context of investigating their nutritional status. Seeking to raise awareness about the nutritional problems of disabled persons in specialized boarding communities, we analyzed research papers on the subject published within the last 20 years. The analysis of works by Russian and foreign authors revealed the need for a unified methodology and scientific substantiation of the nutritional status assessment criteria. We have also found that the assessment of anthropometric indicators in this population is fraught with difficulties: using body mass index (BMI) as the sole measure for diagnosing eating disorders is insufficient. Current scientific literature on nutrition for people with disabilities is diverse and covers a wide range of aspects, highlighting the complexity of the considered problem. Still, the number of studies investigating the features of nutrition and health status of people with chronic diseases is insufficient, which underlines the importance of continuing scientific work in this direction. This will allow for a deeper understanding of the specifics of maintaining an optimal level of health and meeting the nutritional needs of people with disabilities, taking into account existing socio-economic difficulties.

Received: 2025-02-27

Published online: 2025-09-29

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.141

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VIEWS 806

Khorosheva IV, Devrishov RD, Kudryasheva IA, Markelova SV, Reshetnikova IO, Skoblina NA

In the future, the state of health of children, adolescents, and young adults will require continuous attention from healthcare professionals. The stably high prevalence of the school-related diseases associated with the learning conditions and lifestyle components requires introduction of new approaches into prevention of health problems in the younger generation. The study aimed to summarize the results of the research focused on the features of lifestyle of children, adolescents, and young adults, as well as on the approaches to their hygiene education. The review of scientific papers deposited in the eLibrary, PubMed, CyberLeninka databases in 2010−2024 was accomplished. The literature data analysis showed the need to refocus attention on the methods for primary prevention of health problems in the youth, not on the secondary prevention methods. One effective mechanism of such work is the hygiene education system, which in this case should be directed towards individuals engaged in the youth training and education system, healthare professionals, and parents.

Received: 2025-01-09

Published online: 2025-09-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.140

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VIEWS 865

Gudinova ZhV, Rybkin AA, Demakova LV

In the context of demographic changes, the preservation of the health of all children, including those with health limitations, acquires particular importance. Children with health limitations are a special group that needs special conditions for effective education and upbringing. The comprehensive assessment of the health of such children lacks methodological uniformity because of poor communication between the bodies and agencies involved in assisting them, as well as insufficient harmonization of the applicable regulations. This study aimed to optimize the respective assessment process. The materials were medical records of students (n = 104), used as the sources of data. We revealed that children with health limitations tend to be ill often; the proportion of those developing normally in physical terms is low (57%); most of the children with abnormal physical development (20%) are short. The recommendation is to use two methods for assessing children's physical development: regression coefficients, which describe growth disorders, and body mass index (BMI), which reports the degree of excess body weight. We identified faults in the results of the comprehensive health assessment: 68 children belonging to the 5th health group were qualified for the preparatory physical education group, which creates a high risk of a severe clinical situation in a physical education lesson. From the perspective of optimization of the comprehensive assessment of the condition of children with health limitations, the recommendation is to make the wording of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation more clear and to harmonize it with the conceptual framework of the Orders of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Received: 2025-01-15

Published online: 2025-09-27

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.139

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VIEWS 937

Latyshevskaya NI, Krainova IYu, Shestopalova EL, Belyaeva AV, Malyakina AA, Levchenko NV

Currently, cosmetology is one of the fastest growing branches of medicine. Some of the factors contributing to the occupational hazards of cosmetology include static loads, repetitive small-scale hand and wrist movements, and prolonged sitting in uncomfortable positions. This study aimed to assess the ergonomics of the working posture of cosmetologists and the related risk of musculoskeletal disorders. We examined doctors' complaints about having to remain in an uncomfortable, rigid working posture for long periods. The variations in posture were assessed photogoniometrically, and the results were used to construct the distribution diagrams for "sitting" and "standing." The participants' shoulders were examined using the Artro-Pro hardware and software complex (digital goniometry). It was found that a cosmetologist stays in an uncomfortable and/or fixed position for about 85% of the working time, which puts the occupation into hardness class 3.2. Cosmetologists most often complain about pain in the neck (60.0–85.4%), back (33.1–82.1%), and shoulders (62.6–80.2%). Digital goniometry has shown that in the sitting position, almost all goniometric indicators deviate from the recommended values. For the standing position, the greatest deviations were established for neck, trunk, and elbow, especially among older specialists (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, an aggravating factor related to the working posture of cosmetologists is the lack of an ergonomically adequate seat, which poses a significant occupational risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders.

Received: 2025-02-13

Published online: 2025-09-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.138

Comments 0

VIEWS 966