Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Milushkina OYu, Skoblina NA, Korolik VV, Sheina NI, Bokareva NA, Kozyreva FU, Markelova SV, Bulatseva MB, Dubrovina EA, Tikhonova YuL

The paper provides the analysis of the research and practical work done at the Department of Hygiene, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, for the period between 2018 and 2023 aimed to determine the today’s directions of the Department and demonstrate their relevance, scientific and practical significance; prospective directions of further research are defined. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 13 PL software and the tag (word) cloud service. Staff of the Department did extensive educational and methodological, organizational and methodological, expert and consulting, research work (paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the academic passport for the specialty 3.2.1. “Hygiene”); a total of 10 textbooks and three toolkits, three guidelines, two software products, one patent for invention and 39 database certificates, 11 collective monographs were published; two hygienic standards were approved; the activity outcomes were presented during 95 scientific and practical events, including that with international involvement. A total of 150 articles were published: 46 in the journals indexed in international databases (Scopus, Web of Science), 58 in the journals indexed by HAC under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, one in the Nature journal. Two candidate and two doctoral theses on the specialty 3.2.1. “Hygiene” were prepared and defended. The activity outcomes provided helped to address the hygienic challenges currently faced by professional community to achieve the national goals of the Russian Federation in the fields of demography, public health and digitalization.

Received: 2023-10-23

Published online: 2023-11-11

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.079

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VIEWS 2098

Demchenkov NO, Krasilnikova ED, Sheina NI, Korolik VV

The issue of protecting reproductive health is closely related to the childen’s and adolescents’ awareness of the negative impact of early sexual activity and pregnancy, as well as sexually transmitted diseases. At the same time, awareness of parents involved in raising children is poorly understood. The study was aimed to estimate the parents’ competence (awareness) in the field of children’s sexual and hygienic education by conducting a webinar and an online questionnaire survey. Parents were surveyed in 2022–2023. A psychologist conducted the webinar, after which the online questionnaire survey was carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of the webinar as a relevant tool to improve the parents’ competence. It was found that almost all parents believed it was necessary to discuss the issue of sexual education with children, however, among them only 64.4% actually addressed the issue. Parents had no consensus on the age of starting sexual education in children. The main difficulties in communication with children were shyness, insufficient knowledge and the lack of methods to inform the child. According to 91% of women and 66% of men, the webinar conducted by psychologist was the best method to improve the parents’ competence. It appeared to be informative for 90% of parents. The joint efforts of parents, doctors, psychologists, and teachers are the solution to the problem of sexual and hygienic education. Furthermore, informational and educational work with parents and the family is important, since the child’s sexual and hygienic education is started since early age.

Received: 2023-08-29

Published online: 2023-09-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.078

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VIEWS 2688

Solovyova JuV

Currently, there are many problems with the reproductive health of schoolchildren, which can have an adverse effect on the future generations. This article overviews the current papers highlighting the most common problems that negatively affect reproductive health. The key conclusions include statements of the existing problems and suggested measures to counter them. Statements: as a rule, schoolchildren lack sufficient knowledge and skills in the field of reproductive health; often, they do not know the physiological characteristics of their body or cannot navigate them, do not recognize what is normal and what is not in the context of the age-driven development of the body. Measures: educational establishments need to develop and implement preventive measures and programs aimed at teaching schoolchildren the correct reproductive behavior.

Received: 2023-08-25

Published online: 2023-09-22

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.077

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VIEWS 2087

Markelova SV, Tatarinchik AA, Ievleva OV

Today, the existing regulatory and methodological documents provide no approved methodological approach to hygienic assessment of brightness and pulsation of mobile electronic devices (MEDs) with a small screen. The study was aimed to customize the current procedures used to assess brightness and pulsation of electronic devices with a large screen for hygienic assessment of brightness and pulsation of the small-sized MED screens. The design characteristics of 100 MEDs (smartphones and tablets) used by medical students in their leisure time and during training were estimated; pulsation and brightness of the MED screens were studied. The questionnaire survey of 173 medical students was performed that involved the use of the questionnaire developed by members of the Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; the students’ visual acuity was assessed. Two thirds of medical students (67.5%) use MEDs with the screen size exceeding the average (5.5–6.8 inches). The average brightness of every second MED is less than 50.0% of the highest possible brightness. The decrease in the MED screen brightness results in the increase of pulsation coefficient (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient –0.462 ± 0.025, p ≤ 0.05), which can worsen the conditions of visual work. Three quarters of students (76.0%) experience shortage of battery charge during the day; every second student (52.2%) uses the “dark” theme. The development of computer vision syndrome in students is influenced by the MED screen small size (Pearson's contingency coefficient 0.791 ± 0.026, p ≤ 0.05) and its low brightness (Pearson's contingency coefficient 0.781 ± 0.027, p ≤ 0.05), which confirms a sanitary legislation provision on prohibition of the use of smartphones in educational activities (for training). The use of the proposed methodological approach will make it possible to improve the efficiency of vision problem prevention in the population.

Received: 2023-07-24

Published online: 2023-09-18

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.076

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VIEWS 2028

Milushkina OYu, Vasilev DE, Timerzyanov MI, Valeeva YuV, Kiyasova EV

Discharging their duties, doctors manning autopsy departments and forensic examiners contact infected biological objects and risk contracting infectious diseases. The risk they run is much higher than dangers faced by specialists involved in other aspects of forensic investigations. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and quality of mechanized cleaning of autopsy tools in ultrasonic cleaners following standard operating procedures. We compared the results of sanitary and bacteriological examination of the said tools washed manually and mechanically, with the help of ultrasonic cleaners. McNemar’s test used in the context of processing of the data allowed revealing the frequency of change of the monitored indicators between the two groups. Mechanical cleaning minimizes direct contact with the tools, allows decontamination of items of complex geometry (including their hard-to-reach parts) without damaging them and ensures high quality of cleaning. With ultrasonic cleaners, mechanized cleaning significantly shortens the time needed to clean medical tools, eliminates the need to wash them manually without compromising their operability, and brings down the risk of workplace injuries and occupational morbidity.

Received: 2023-07-17

Published online: 2023-09-16

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.075

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VIEWS 2076

Khorosheva IV

The impact of modern factors of educational environment and extracurricular factors results in the risk of the development and progression of functional impairment and chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the diseases of the eye and adnexa in students. The study was aimed to substantiate the programs of hygienic education in terms of compliance with hygienic recommendations on prevention of the diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the eye and adnexa based on the analysis of scientific papers. The review of studies conducted in 2011–2023 by the Russian and foreign experts that were focused on the impact of the educational environmental factors and the daily routine components on the students’ health status was performed using the E-Library, PubMed, Web of Science electronic databases. The impact of such risk factors, as irrational daily routine organization, on the health of students attending general schools, professional and higher educational institutions has been shown. The risk of disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the eye and adnexa resulting from the excess stay in digital environment, lack of physical activity, irrational leisure time organization has been assessed. It is necessary to develop the hygienic training programs involving teachers, lecturers and parents to prevent the effects of the risk factors for disorders of the mysculoskeletal system and the eye and adnexa.

Received: 2023-08-03

Published online: 2023-08-29

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.074

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VIEWS 2146

Tatarinchik AA

Introduction of the fifth-generation wireless networks (5G) will increase the number of 5G base stations and 5G-enabled devices. This review sought to find the answer to the key question: can such devices be harmful? The review covers scientific data published from 2009 to 2022 and available at eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka. We investigated the problems of definition, regulation, accumulation of data on 5G networks, and summarized the papers reporting how electromagnetic fields in 5G frequency bands affect adults and children. Despite the large amount of contradictory data, the available studies do not provide adequate information that could enable a meaningful assessment of the safety of 5G networks.

Received: 2023-06-19

Published online: 2023-07-17

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.073

Comments 0

VIEWS 4229

Bashmakov OA, Gunko AL

Currently, a significant increase in the drive to get higher education is noted among young people. After falling into new conditions, students experience changes in their lifestyle and quality of life, as well as training mode. They have trouble adjusting to the new social and cultural community. The study was aimed to study the students’ lifestyle, assess their health status, and compare the conditions of medical care provision to students in the past and today. The questionnaire survey involved 151 students (grades 1–3) of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. The students noted changes in their sleep, diet, physical activity due to severe psychoemotional load arising from falling into new educational environment and exploring the higher education programs. Some students reported exacerbation of chronic diseases. The findings and the literature analysis make it possible to conclude that it is necessary to establish student outpatient clinics allowing for annual health screening.

Received: 2023-02-13

Published online: 2023-06-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.072

Comments 0

VIEWS 2070