ISSN Print 2713-0878
ISSN Online 2713-0886
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN
Copyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee: Pirogov University.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Association of cortisol with anxiety and depressive conditions in students at various stages of training
About authors
1 Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
2 Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
3 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
4 Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed: Andrey V. Tarasov
A. Nevsky Str. 14, Kaliningrad, 2360241, Russia; ur.xednay@1purd
About paper
Author contribution: Rakhmanov RS ― study concept and design, manuscript writing; Tarasov AV ― primary data acquisition and systematization, statistical data processing, manuscript writing; Razgulin SA ― literature review; Skoblina NA ― data interpretation, manuscript writing; Kiselev SV ― literature data acquisition.
Compliance with ethical standards: the study was compliant with the ethical standards of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (protocol No. 38 dated March, 2023). Each subject submitted the informed consent to take part in the study and for personal medical information to be published in an anonymized form.
Received: 2026-03-19
Accepted: 2026-08-31
Published online: 2026-09-15
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Table 1. Structure of student distribution based on the presence of anxiety signs, %
Note: ⃰ ― significance of differences for groups with various anxiety severity; ⃰ ⃰ ― significance of differences for groups of males and females and for seasons of the year.
Table 2. Structure of student distribution based on the presence of depression signs, %
Note: ⃰ ― significance of differences for groups with various depression severity; ⃰ ⃰ ― significance of differences for groups of males and females and for seasons of the year.
Table 3. Cortisol levels in individuals showing and not showing signs of anxiety, nmol/L, M ± σ (95% CI)
Note: ⃰ — significance of differences for groups with various anxiety severity; ⃰ ⃰ — significance of differences for groups of males and females and for seasons of the year.
Table 4. Cortisol levels in individuals showing and not showing signs of depression, nmol/L, M ± σ (95% CI)
Note: ⃰ — significance of differences for groups with various depression severity; ⃰ ⃰ — significance of differences for groups of males and females and for seasons of the year.
Table 5. Characteristics of correlations between the students’ blood cortisol levels and the signs of anxiety and depression
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