The today's high school seniors are adolescents who demonstrate certain behaviors, habits and certainly character and behavioral patterns. Furthermore, they are often guided by their environment (age-mates, parents, teachers) [1].

The today's high school seniors are characterized by accelerated development compared to their age-mates of the early 2000s. At the same time, their infantilism compared to high school seniors of the previous decades has been noted. The today's high school students fall into the category of so-called “visual learners”. This poses a rather serious challenge not only for themselves but also for their parents and teachers [2]. The today's high school seniors are usually rather emancipated. They often value money instead of relationship. Furthermore, they often have harmful habits, and in some cases, all kinds of dependencies (vaping, alcohol consumption, or even use of hard drugs). It is often high school seniors living in megacities who do not clearly understand their own importance and have trouble when trying to define their place in life [3–5].

Both high school seniors and their parents, and sometimes teachers, adopt behavioral patterns and lifestyle, including physical activity, eating behavior, etc., being guided not by official guidelines approved by professional society, but by the online resources unacknowledged by professional sources, bloggers, and popular channels (Youtube an other) [6]. Adolescents who have no experience can make rash decisions about their health, relying on the opinion of famous bloggers. Girls usually start using makeup earlier, boys, driven by the desire to build muscle mass, start consuming protein cocktails and sometimes even hormonal drugs. Bloggers are people who sometimes do not have even elementary knowledge of the issues related to healthy lifestyle, take the liberty of providing advice on sticking to this or that diet, lifestyle. This can not only improve health, but in some cases promotes deterioration of health and the quality of life. Furthermore, this can contribute to risky behaviour and in some cases lead to disability and death. The today's parents usually do not care about the sources of information, the teenagers use when they have questions about their lifestyle, nuitrition, and health [7–11].

The so-called “spontaneous preferences” related to nutrition and physical activity, and sometimes deviant behavior, are often formed in high school seniors due to the data obtained from disreputable sources under the influence of appropriate bloggers.

Poor eating habits and unhealthy lifestyle often result in health (both physical and mental) problems [12]. The today's young adults bocome more and more obsessed with material items, such as making money online, on TikTok or Youtube, sometimes through live demonstration of obscene behavior, humiliation or aggression agains each other, animals, etc. [13]. That is why it is vital for modern family to know what exactly is their teenager interested in on the Internet, what online channels he/she visits. To realize his/her full value, it is important for the teenager to go out, play sports, have meals with family. Russia is a multinational country, that is why it is necessary to familiarize adolescents and other family members with family traditions, culture of communication and nutrition [14]. All the teenager's family is recommended to attend events aimed at promoting family cohesion more often in order to create a favorable psychological climate [15].

It is important for the adolescent to be able to control the time spent on the computer, tablet, phone, and to have a healthy lifestyle, stick to the principles of healthy adequate nutrition, spend more time outdoors, exercise regularly, have a healthy environment of like-minded people and adherents of a healthy lifestyle, abandon bad habits, and have great reproductive health [6, 16].

The study was aimed to form a picture of the hygienic profile of high school seniors, their parents and teachers.

METHODS

The study was performed from February to March 2023 in the Comprehensive Secondary School № 2065 (Moscow) by conducting an online survey involving the use of the online questionnaire with 10 questions on healthy lifestyle for high school seniors, eight questions for parents, and eight questions for teachers [17]. A valid questionnaire suitable for such studies was used. The method of independent samples was used to survey 158 students aged 15–18 (grades 9–11) attending school № 2065, 113 parents of high school seniors, and 202 teachers. In additions, standard questionnaires on the lifestyle of children, adolescents, and youth was used during the study [18].

The inclusion criteria were as follows: availability of the properly filled questionnaires; availability of the filled informed consent being one of the questionnaire items; belonging to the group of high school seniors, parents or teachers.

The questionnaire consisted of several items that included questions about the time spent on electronic gadgets, homework, night sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, existence or lack of harmful habits, such as drinking alcohol and smoking, as well as about the time spent outdoors [19]. The so-called hygienic profile of high school seniors, their parents and teachers was created based on the survey results. Hygienic profile is a complex concept that includes comprehenive hygienic characteristics of the lifestyle of high school seniors, parents and teachers in general together with the estimated time spent on electronic gadgets, time spent on homework, sleep, existence or lack of harmful habits (drinking alcohol and smoking), and the time spent outdoors. Furthermore, physical activity and compliance with the principles of healthy eating (the facts of having cooked meals, having meals at least twice a day, having late suppers) were assessed.

Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Excel 2016 spreadsheet (Microsoft; USA) and the Statistica 10 software package (Statsoft; USA). When performing data processing, the results obtained were previously tested for normality. Discriptive statistics, i.e. the mean (M) and standard deviation (ϭ), were used.

RESULTS

Among high school seniors, 88.6% spend much time on electronic gadgets. It should be noted that 37.2% of them spend more that three hours on homework, though 39.9% demonstrate a constant lack of night sleep, i.e. sleep less than six hours per day (fig. 1).

Firthermore, it should be noted that high school seniors often have unhealthy lifestyle. Thus, drinking alcohol is reported in 35.3%, 4.0% smoke, and 12.7% note that they have tried smoking. The today's high school seniors go out rarely and spend a little time outdoors: 17.3% of adolescents spend less than 60 min per day outdoors. Modern high school seniors have insufficient physical activity in 54.3% of cases.

One third of today's high school seniors do not stick to the principles of healthy eating: 25.1% eat cooked meals less than twice a day. Late suppers taken less than two hours before sleep (violation of the recommended interval) are reported in 11.0% of high school seniors.

Among the high school seniors' parents, 30.1% spend much time on electronic gadgets. It should be noted, that 46.9% of parents do nothing to improve their health, and more than a half (55.7%) demonstrate a constant lack of night sleep, i.e. sleep less than six hours per day (fig. 2).

The high school seniors' parents often demonstrate such unhealthy lifestyle choices, as drinking alcohol (25.6% of cases), smoking (11.5% of cases). Modern parents of high school seniors have insufficient physical activity in 49.6% of cases. Furthermore, sometimes they do not stick to the principles of healthy eating. For example, 20.4% of parents eat cooked meals less than twice a day. Late suppers taken less than two hours before sleep (violation of the recommended interval) are reported in 15.0 % of parents.

Among the high school seniors' teachers, 37.8% spend much time on electronic gadgets. It should be noted, that 41.7% of teachers do nothing to improve their health, and more than a half (59.2%) demonstrate a constant lack of night sleep, i.e. sleep less than six hours per day (Fig. 2). The teachers of high school seniors often demonstrate such unhealthy lifestyle choices, as drinking alcohol (9.5% of cases), smoking (9.5% of cases). Modern high school seniors' teachers have insufficient physical activity in 42.8% of cases. Furthermore, the today's teachers sometimes do not stick to the principles of healthy eating. Furthermore, 38.3% of teachers eat cooked meals less than twice a day. Late suppers taken less than two hours before sleep (violation of the recommended interval) are reported in 26.0 % of teachers.

DISCUSSION

The study has made it possible to form a picture of the hygienic profile of high school seniors, their parents and teachers, as well as to reveal various unhealthy lifestyle choices. According to the results, today's high school seniors, their parents and even teachers demonstrate unhealthy lifestyle choices that pose a challenge related to both lifestyle and general health.

The questionnaire survey carried out as part of the scientific research has revealed insufficient awareness and compliance with healthy lifestyle in high school seniors, their parents and teachers. This is a deeper problem of public health, since high school seniors are often guided by knowledge provided by teachers, parents and medical professionals both at school and in their extracurricular activities. For this reason, research shows that it is necessary to involve experts in healthy lifestyle (pediatricians, family and school physicians, nutritionists, and other competent specialists in this field) to acquire knowledge and develop skills. High school seniors, their parents and teachers should be provided up-to-date information about the basics of healthy lifestyle and the effects of non-compliance with such lifestyle. Furthermore, high school seniors should be provided an opportunity to make brief presentations on the issue in their biology and PE classes, as well as to take part in various Olympiads on healthy lifestyle. Currently, decreasing overall morbidity of the population is a priority at the national level. This will make it possible to improve the quality of life of the whole population, reduce the risk of disorders, and in some cases prevent the disease development.

Joint efforts of the healthcare system, researchers and teachers will not only help to shape an ideal profile of high school seniors, their parents and teachers in terms of health, but also enable creating healthy society. The literature reports data on the effective application of preventive measures aimed to preserve and improve health of high school seniors, their parents and teachers [18, 20–24].

CONCLUSIONS

Analysis of the hygienic profile of high school seniors, their parents and teachers has revealed poor adherence to the principles of healthy lifestyle not only in high school students, but also in their parents and teachers. This is important, since there is continuity of adherence to certain lifestyle and eating patterns between parents and children, teachers and children. However, the findings show that parents and teachers often breach or fail to comply with the principles of healthy lifestyle and eating, which is probably due to their professional activity and lack of time. Despite this, one should not forget that habits that comply with the principles of healthy lifestyle and nuitrition are formed mostly at school and at home, and the environment (parents and teachers) is that very source, the high school seniors are guided by and sometimes imitate.