Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Sazonova OV, Bogomolova ES, Kalyuzhny EA, Gavryushin MYu, Trubetskaya SR

Analysis of physical development in children and adolescents is an integral to the monitoring of child population. Health status of children and adolescents is an essential criterion of societal welfare. Numerous studies of physical development in children indicate the heterogenous nature of growth and develpmental processes in children living in various regions of Russia. The study was aimed to perform the comparative analysis of physical development between children aged 15–17 living in Samara (a total of 714 children were examined, among them 368 boys and 346 girls) and children of the same age group living in Nizhny Novgorod (a total of 689 children, among them 351 boys and 338 girls). In school students aged 16–17, significant differences in the mean height were revealed: adolescents living in Samara were taller than those living in Nizhny Novgorod (p = 0.001). The same trend was observed in girls of the same age group. Comparative analysis showed that girls aged 15–17 living in Samara were significantly taller (p < 0.001) than girls who lived in Nizhny Novgorod. Assessment of body weight showed that the weight of boys aged 15–16 who lived in Samara was significantly higher compared to boys living in Nizhny Novgorod (p = 0.009). No significant differences were revealed between the groups of 17‑year‑old boys and the groups of girls aged 15–17 (р = 0.7). The findings on the differences in the anthropometric indicators of children living in Samara and Nizhny Novgorod justify the need for periodic development and use in healthcare practice of the regional standards for assessment of physical development in children and adolescents.

Received: 2021-10-06

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.031

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VIEWS 974

Skrebneva AV, Melikhova EP, Vasilieva MV

Social factors such as bad living conditions, harmful labor conditions, low quality of medicine, loss of social contacts, etc., and lifestyle factors such as mal- and over-nutrition, hypodynamia, bad habits, etc. are the main issues of premature ageing. In this article, the alimentary factor such as the risk of premature ageing has been considered from the point of view of over- and malnutrition (protein-e nergy undernutrition) and its influence on the rate of ageing. The effect of overnutrition has been examined in the literature review of Russian and foreign investigators. Scientific publications show that one alimentary factor can be used to produce a significant influence on life span and frequency of some degenerative diseases. The relationship between malnutrition in the older population and biological age has been evaluated. 408 those surveyed from the city of Voronezh aged 55 to 70 were included into the study. The examination was nonrecurrent. The biological age of those surveyed was determined using the method by V. P. Voitenko. Malnutrition was assessed with the MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment) tool. Malnutrition is observed among 2.2% of elderly patients, 58.8% of those surveyed are at risk for malnutrition, whereas 39% of them have a normal alimentary status. It is established that the biological age is correlated with the alimentary status. Statistically significant differences are found in the mean group values of the biological age in the subgroup of people with a normal alimentary status in relation to the subgroup of people with a risk for malnutrition (p<0.05): the values were 56±1.7 and 64±1.4, respectively. The publication shows a direct and indirect influence of the alimentary status (both overnutrition, and malnutrition) on the rate of senescence.

Received: 2021-10-07

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.027

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VIEWS 1033

The article deals with new digital opportunities in diagnosis and prevention of health and well-being of students that also create principally new conditions for getting education. Use of digital traces, big data, machine learning and computer modelling in diagnosis results in obtaining important data about mental health of students to examine their behavior, physical activity, emotional condition and a wide specter of personal traits in detail. Quantitative methods combined with big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are utilized to anticipate certain neurological and mental diseases. They allow to overcome limitations of traditional research methods and expand the opportunities of modern education by changing the educational process based on the analysis results and adapting them to the student’s current state and development. When digital technologies are moderately used under certain conditions, they (chat-bots, applications and other online resources) can be utilized as preventive activities, estimating one’s health, improving social and psychological well-being and interactions by transforming the educational process.

Received: 2021-10-06

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.030

Comments 0

VIEWS 1051

Milushkina OYu, Dubrovina EA, Timerzyanov MI, Khaertdinova LA

Despite considerable progress in prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis made in recent years, the issue remains topical, since in recent decades a significant increase in the prevalence of atopic disorders is observed all over the world. The increased incidence of atopic dermatitis results from the human body exposure to the wide range of factors, as well as from the factors’ specificity and mutual activation. Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial disorder associated with genetic predisposition to atopy, realized under the influence of environmental factors. The risk factors of pediatric atopic dermatitis are divided into endogenous and exogenous factors, which are also affected by genetic susceptibility. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the factors are enhanced by triggers, which both directly and indirectly influence the body in children and adolescents. A combination of multiple factors plays a key role in chronic pediatric atopic dermatitis. Also do not forget about the impact of sanitation, hygiene, environmental factors, urbanization of the area of residence, and the presence of industrial enterprises in the residential area on the health of children and adolescents. Atopic dermatitis has a negative impact on the quality of life of children and their families. There is a clear need for further research. Currently, monitoring the effects of atopic dermatitis becomes relevant, it is aimed at addressing the issues of prevention. For its part, timely identification of the risk factors and concomitant disorders are of inestimable value for the course of the disorder.

Received: 2021-10-03

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.026

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VIEWS 1037

Ganuzin VM, Maskova GS

The article reviews the issues of career counseling for adolescents with health problems. Goal. Show the possibilities and share the experience of providing career advice with focus on health to adolescents with health problems in the settings of primary health care establishments. Patients and methods. Nine hundred forty schoolchildren were counseled in the career advice room. The participants were divided into 3 groups: group 1 — participants with disabilities since early childhood, group 2 — children with chronic diseases, group 3 — children at risk of developing chronic diseases. The inclusion criteria were: status of a schoolchild, signed and submitted informed consent form, lack of exposure to occupational hazards. The conducted study does not endanger the participants and complies with the biomedical ethics requirements. Statistica 10.0 software was used for statistical processing of the data collected. Based on the results of this work and review of the relevant publications, authors of the study suggest a structure of the health- centric career advice service. Conclusions Career advice that factors in health aspects is an important link in medical and psychological rehabilitation aimed at helping the teenager to adapt to current socio-e conomic conditions and realize his/her physical and intellectual capabilities.

Received: 2021-10-05

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.029

Comments 0

VIEWS 988

The hygienic assessment of the mode of using mobile electronic devices (ED) was carried out to develop preventive activities aimed at education of medical students. A total of 518 medical students were surveyed. The survey was created in Google Forms. The obtained data were processed with Statistica 13 PL. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of biomedical ethics and did not expose the participants to any danger. Data on a habitual mode of using mobile electronic devices by medical students during their traditional educational process were obtained through the survey: half of them never did eye gymnastics, over 75.0% reported holding their mobile ED very close to the eyes, 75.0% of those surveyed used mobile ED in the lack of light. While assessing the mode of ED use by medical students, it was established that the visual organ sustained the largest burden. Preventive activities are necessary to avoid negative consequences and produce useful skills of using ED during education of future doctors at a university.

Received: 2021-08-08

Published online: 2021-09-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.023

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VIEWS 1175

Ganuzin VM, Maskova GS, Storozheva IV, Sukhova NS

The article deals with the issues of health in children and adolescents aged 7–17 years. The objective of this study is to analyze health experience in school-age children and adolescents based on regular medical check-up results. According to regular medical check-up results, 15,192 schoolchildren were examined in 2015, including 12,649 children aged 7–14 years and 2,543 children aged 15–17 years. In 2020, health of 18,708 schoolchildren was assessed, including 14,861 children aged 7 to14 years and 3,847 children aged 15 to 17 years. The authors analyze dynamics of distribution of children into health groups, and age-related incidence of school- related diseases. In children and adolescents of different age, eye disorders occupy first place in the rank of prevalent school- related diseases; the events are followed by musculoskeletal diseases, nervous and GIT diseases, progressing with age, including scoliosis. Percentage of healthy children without the signs of a school- related abnormality at school is reducing. In the majority of cases, pathological abnormalities are found in 15–17-year-old adolescents.

Received: 2021-08-15

Published online: 2021-09-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.019

Comments 0

VIEWS 1170

The safety of baby foods is key to a child’s health, which, in turn, is one of the prioritized national goals. As they grow, children get exposed to numerous negative environmental impacts. Chemical contamination of baby foods can increase pediatric morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between baby food contamination and primary pediatric morbidity using data on 65 Russian regions collected in 2012–2017 by the Russian Federal Information Public Health Surveillance Foundation. The data were processed in Microsoft Word 2010 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Of 67,940 samples of baby foods analyzed for chemical contamination, priority pollutants (toxic element) were detected in 14.1%. The most contaminated were fruit and vegetable purees (47.1%), followed by milk formulas and cultured dairy products (19.9%). We also analyzed 32,914 indicators of pediatric morbidity. The Pearson correlation analysis detected reliable correlations between baby food contamination and the primary incidence of endocrine disorders in infants, as well as the primary incidence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and cancer in children aged 0 to 14 years.

Received: 2021-08-10

Published online: 2021-09-30

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.021

Comments 0

VIEWS 1102