A high risk of physical inactivity is emerging among students in the context of the high level of informatization in public life, the widespread development of online delivery services, and the growing popularity of network forms of interpersonal communication. The cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to identify the features of the medical students’ physical activity and the risk factors influencing the development of physical inactivity during the period of study. We conducted an anonymous online questionnaire survey of 431 students of the Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University on the forms.yandex.ru platform using questions from the Physical Activity Level Self-Assessment Form adapted by А.V. Kabachkova (2025). The majority of students (61.95%), who took part in the study, had low physical activity. The higher prevalence of moderate, sufficient, and high physical activity was reported in male respondents compared to female ones (χ² = 20.36; р < 0.001). There is a downward trend of the medical students’ physical activity from the first to the third year, a significant increase in physical activity in the fourth year and a subsequent decline by the sixth year. The decrease in the proportion of students with low physical activity and the increase in the proportion of students with moderate and sufficient physical activity with decreasing time spent on electronic devices are observed (χ² = 34.5; р < 0.001). Risk factors for low physical activity among medical students include studying in the third or sixth year of medical university, female gender, and significant time spent using electronic devices.