Occupational burnout (OB) negatively affects the quality of medical care provided. The subject of occupational hygiene among medical students combining studying and work has not been investigated sufficiently. This study explores OB in medical university students and general practitioners who actively use information and communication technologies in their daily activities. The goal was to look into the features of OB in these cohorts, identify the main risk factors, and give burnout prevention and mitigation recommendations. We examined 140 general practitioners (94 females, 46 males) aged 27–75 years (mean age 46.16 years [95% CI: 35.49−56.83]). As for students, the participants were from the Pirogov University, 39 female and 25 male, aged 20-25 years (mean age 22.42 years [95% CI: 22.23–22.61]). To assess the risks of burnout, we used the Boyko questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The survey revealed clinically significant signs of OB in 96% of general practitioners and 16% of working students. According to the MBI's emotional exhaustion subscale the corresponding scales of the Boyko questionnaire, OB was significantly more prevalent among working students than among their peers who did not work (mean MBI scores 14.6 [95% CI: 10.8–18.4] and 12.7 [95% CI: 8.34–17.06], respectively, p = 0.00362; mean Boyko questionnaire scores 89.1 [95% CI: 72.9--105.3] and 74.7 [95% CI: 69.8–79.6], respectively, p < 0.00001)). Both tools show the clinical signs of OB to be significantly more severe among general practitioners than in the cohort of working students (p < 0.00001). It has been proven that students who combine work and study face a higher risk of OB due to increased academic and additional workloads, along with elevated stress levels.