The problem of pediatric obesity focused on risk factors at early stages because their modification can reduce the risk of later metabolic diseases and disability. It is the metabolic syndrome that describes a set of cardiometabolic risk factors, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, high level of triglycerides and low level of high-density lipoproteins that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity mainly determines statistical values that characterize the case with endocrine gland diseases among children and adolescents in the Republic of Tatarstan. Obesity is not growing at the same rate any more. The current level of excessive weight in children is too high and requires intervention at the level of the community and school. Inactivity and non-rational nutrition can contribute to formation of excessive body mass among children. Regular physical activity and better nutrition of adolescents is a worthy investment in the health of future generations.