Despite considerable progress in prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis made in recent years, the issue remains topical, since in recent decades a significant increase in the prevalence of atopic disorders is observed all over the world. The increased incidence of atopic dermatitis results from the human body exposure to the wide range of factors, as well as from the factors’ specificity and mutual activation. Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial disorder associated with genetic predisposition to atopy, realized under the influence of environmental factors. The risk factors of pediatric atopic dermatitis are divided into endogenous and exogenous factors, which are also affected by genetic susceptibility. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the factors are enhanced by triggers, which both directly and indirectly influence the body in children and adolescents. A combination of multiple factors plays a key role in chronic pediatric atopic dermatitis. Also do not forget about the impact of sanitation, hygiene, environmental factors, urbanization of the area of residence, and the presence of industrial enterprises in the residential area on the health of children and adolescents. Atopic dermatitis has a negative impact on the quality of life of children and their families. There is a clear need for further research. Currently, monitoring the effects of atopic dermatitis becomes relevant, it is aimed at addressing the issues of prevention. For its part, timely identification of the risk factors and concomitant disorders are of inestimable value for the course of the disorder.