Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

ISSN Print 2713-0878 ISSN Online 2713-0886

Russian Bulletin of Hygiene

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

Log In Registration RU

Tutelyan VA, Nikityuk DB, Tarmayeva IYu, Pogozheva AV

The article presents the authors' opinion on ways to optimize the nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation. It shows that the dietary patterns currently common in the country are still far from optimal, as they underdeliver on vegetables, fruits, and dairy products, and provide excessive amounts of sugar, salt, foods rich in animal fat, and trans fats. Inadequate dietary patterns compromise health and nutritional status, leading to an increase in diet-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, gout, and osteoporosis, which are major contributors to mortality in economically developed countries, including Russia. According to the authors, there are several aspects that are crucial in the matter of overall health improvement and extension of active longevity: optimization of the dietary patterns in Russia, popularization of the principles of rational nutrition and healthy lifestyle; introduction of measures to decrease the incidence of socially significant non-communicable diseases (atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nutritional obesity, and others); acceleration of adoption of innovative health protection technologies in healthcare, including early diagnosis of non-communicable diseases of an alimentary nature, their targeted prevention and treatment.

Received: 2025-01-28

Published online: 2025-03-29

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.124

Comments 0

VIEWS 1798

Levushkin SP, Milushkina OYu, Skoblina NA, Markelova SV, Tatarinchik AA, Ivanov MS

To prevent health problems in pediatric population, the Russian Federation (RF) is implementing the Complex of measures to combat obesity in children under 18 years of age, approved on December 1, 2023, No. 18824-P12-TG. The study aimed to consider body mass index (BMI) formation in Russian children and adolescents in the regional aspect. As part of the all-Russian monitoring of the physical development of children and adolescents in 2021–2024, BMI of 258,611 boys and 252,629 girls living in 50 constituent entities of the RF was studied. Big data analysis has shown that in most regions there is a harmonious development of the child population and the indicators fit into the BMI 25th–75th centile for the RF as a whole, which is 19.6–22.9 kg/m2 in boys aged 17 and 18.7–22.3 kg/m2 in girls. At the same time, there is an influence of socio-economic factors. The analysis of the regional features of BMI formation in children and adolescents aged 7–17 years has shown that BMI has a higher value, the lower the place of the subject of the RF in terms of gross regional product.

Received: 2024-08-21

Published online: 2025-03-28

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.123

Comments 0

VIEWS 1864

Shestera AA, Trankovskaya LV

Today, preserving the health of medical students, who constitute the labor pool for Russia's healthcare system, is a strategically important task for both the state and society. The purpose of this work was to investigate the status of health of 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-year students of Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The students underwent a comprehensive examination at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. All in all, we examined 698 people in 2022 and 516 people in 2023. The examination was physical, focusing on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system, and also assessed the participants' mental health. Primary medical documentation was used as a source of information to assess the incidence of temporary disability and chronic non-communicable diseases of students. Data comparison was done using nonparametric statistical methods. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. We revealed a downward trend for the students' health indicators, which confirms their allocation into health status groups. At the beginning of the academic year, the 1s group was the largest, and by its end, the share of those reallocated to the 3rd group was significant, with the group including 33.1% of make participants and 36.8% of female participants. This study substantiates the need for continued monitoring of the health status of students. The resulting data enable assessment of the students' health status and identification of priority preventive measures to be developed to preserve their health.

Received: 2024-10-29

Published online: 2025-03-26

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.122

Comments 0

VIEWS 1736

Novikova II, Lobkis MA, Mingazov IF, Sorokina AV, Popov VI

Overweight and obesity are some of the global problems faced by the civilization characterized by the growing prevalence and the development of concomitant diseases. This study aimed to assess the mid- and long-term incidence and dynamics of these disorders in various age groups of the population of Voronezh Oblast, including the mentioned concomitant chronic diseases, and to compare the learned data to the mean figures registered in the Central Federal District (CFD) of the Russian Federation and the country in general. From 2016 to 2020, in Voronezh Oblast, the values of the indicators reflecting the prevalence of overweight were profoundly influenced by the regional specifics; in all the age groups, these values were significantly higher than the mean figures recorded in the Central Federal District and Russia on the whole (p < 0.05). As for the concomitant diseases, the incidence of the disorders of endocrine system, mental and behavioral disorders, urolithiasis was high, showing an upward trend, whereas in the country in general and CFD in particular, the respective indicators tend to decrease. The results of this study indicate the need for further exploration of this subject, including investigation of the potential risk factors defining the specifics of the prevalence in the region in question, some of which are the features of the nutritional patterns, the content of vitamins and minerals in the general diet in particular, and factors not connected to nutrition, such as chemical composition of water and features of the soil.

Received: 2024-04-04

Published online: 2025-03-19

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.121

Comments 0

VIEWS 913

Tsukareva EA, Avchinnikov AV

Protection of health of children is the most important task before the country; preservation and strengthening of health of schoolchildren necessitates introduction of scientifically sound technologies and new methods of hygienic education. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed original educational program for primary schoolchildren designed to give them knowledge about rational nutrition and healthy lifestyle. From 2019 to 2020, we tested the rational nutrition and healthy lifestyle skills development program that relies on the Children and Adolescents Individual Diet Calculation and Hygienic Assessment Module. The study involved 336 schoolchildren (176 schoolchildren in the treatment group, 160 in the control group) from 4 classes of three educational institutions in Smolensk. The analysis of effectiveness of preventive measures showed that the proportion of children whose daily diet included vegetables and fruits has grown 1.5 times, and the consumption of fast food products and sugary carbonated drinks has dropped 4 and 2.5 times, respectively. Control group, where no preventive measures were implemented, exhibited no positive trends. The effectiveness of the program was confirmed by a significant decrease in the share of overweight primary schoolchildren: from 17.6% to 9.3% (2 = 5.239, p = 0.023). The results of this study allow recommending the developed nutrition and healthy lifestyle skills development program as an effective hygienic education technology for primary schoolchildren.

Received: 2024-10-28

Published online: 2025-03-17

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.120

Comments 0

VIEWS 929

Gavrikova AA, Dementiev AA, Solovyev DA, Tsurgan AM, Paramonova VA, Korshunova EP

The quality of drinking water is one of the key factors defining the health of the population. The risk-based approach is one of the most effective drinking water quality assessment and control tools. This study aimed to make a comparative integral assessment of the quality of drinking water from a centralized water supply system in residential areas of Ryazan based on chemical safety indicators. We have considered organoleptic, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, and compiled an integral assessment based on MR 2.1.4.0032-11. The drinking water quality monitoring data used for the assessment came from the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Ryazan Region, and covered years 2017 through 2022. Identifying the hazards, we relied on the above-norm spikes in drinking water quality indicator values registered during the specified period. The maximum figures used to calculate the organoleptic risks had 98% confidence interval, while that for the data enabling non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessments was 95% (nonthreshold models), the said data reflecting the average long-term concentrations. The uncertainties inherent in the risk assessment stem from the limited list of indicators controlled in drinking water. In all residential districts of the city of Ryazan, the integral indicator (II) of the level of hazard of drinking water from the centralized water supply system exceeds the acceptable values, with the said level being the highest in Solotcha (II = 8.8) and Kanishchevo (II = 5.6). In all districts of the city, the indicator is largely shaped by the high organoleptic risk, which points to the need for respective mitigation measures.

Received: 2024-10-28

Published online: 2025-03-16

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.119

Comments 0

VIEWS 1101

Stepanov EG, Masyagutova LM, Shaykhlislamova ER, Sadrtdinova GR, Vlasova NV, Rafikova LA, Muzafarova AR, Valeeva LR

Today, the world medical community and the World Health Organization share an understanding of health as the most important right of every person and nation. Unfortunately, the level of occupational morbidity in healthcare significantly exceeds that in other sectors of the economy. In 2012-2017, about 30% of all the professional diseases diagnosed were registered in healthcare workers. We have searched for foreign and Russian papers covering this subject in various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, and RSCI. During the search, we paid special attention to the PubMed database. Summarizing the current data on working conditions and health indicators of healthcare professionals published in the papers, it is necessary to identify several key areas that are particularly relevant: harmful aspects associated with professional activities as factors raising occupational morbidity; lifestyle of healthcare workers and the prevalence of non-communicable diseases; and professional burnout, with the consequences thereof for the health and mental state of the medical professionals. The topic of their health and the conditions they work in is considered urgent and relevant in the scientific circles. The conducted studies confirm that healthcare workers face unique factors that can negatively affect their health and well-being.

Received: 2024-05-27

Published online: 2025-03-09

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.118

Comments 0

VIEWS 879

Fertikova TE, Komissarova OV, Sapina AE, Trofimova AS

Currently, studying the quality and style of life of students is an urgent task due to the need to improve the demographic situation and increase the intellectual potential of the country. This article presents an analysis of the quality of life of medical and humanitarian specialties students of Voronezh universities. We sought to compare these parameters based on the data collected with the help of the SF-36 survey and the HPLP (Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile) questionnaire. The study involved 262 students of the Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh State University and Voronezh branch of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics aged 18–25 years. We revealed significant differences between educational institutions in a number of key indicators, which highlights the importance of factoring in the specifics of the educational environment when designing health preservation programs for students. According to the results of the survey (SF-36), humanitarian specialties students self-assessed their health better then future medical professionals (median values 70 points vs. 65 points, respectively), same as physical activity and nutrition, as shown by the HPLP questionnaire (20.5 points vs. 18 points and 24 points vs. 23 points, respectively). The resulting data revealing the differences in the quality and lifestyle of students can be used in the development of health and wellbeing improvement recommendations for students, and in the design of comprehensive physical and mental health preservation programs.

Received: 2024-07-09

Published online: 2024-12-27

DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2024.117

Comments 0

VIEWS 1150