ISSN Print 2713-0878    ISSN Online 2713-0886
Russian Bulletin of Hygiene
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Original research Hygienic factors shaping posture in university students
Milushkina OYu, Bashmakov OA
The basics of student youth health all over the world are ensured by factors of the educational environment and the young adults’ lifestyle. Modeling of such conditions is possible with comprehensive assessment of the quality and safety of university internal environment, update of modern educational spaces in response to the students’ need for motor activity and physical exercises. Currently, it becomes increasingly necessary to pay attention to the hygienic factors affecting shaping proper posture in university students. The main focus is on such aspects, as learning conditions, workplace organization, physical activity, and other daily habits that contribute to either impairment, or maintenance of healthy posture. There is no need to emphasize the importance of proper workplace organization. The height of the desk and chair, the level of the monitor, the quality of the furniture and lighting play a key role in maintaining a comfortable and safe body position during classes. Incorrect organization can result in developing musculoskeletal disorders and postural alterations. Physical activity and regular breaks while learning are considered important prerequisites for preservation of the students’ musculoskeletal system functional disorders. Students leading a sedentary lifestyle face the risk of postural alterations. It is recommended short physical exercises and active breaks in the daily routine in order to improve muscle tone and reduce tension.
Received: 2024-09-11
Published online: 2025-06-27
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.133
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Original research Evaluating the occupation-related harm to the health of ore mining workers using target protein analysis
Zaitseva NV, Fadeev AG, Goryaev DV, Zemlyanova MA, Peskova EV, Galiulina AV, Zakharinskaya ON, Bulatova NI
Exposure to harmful and dangerous factors at ore mining facilities poses health risks to workers that are associated with prolonged exposure to airborne chemicals in the work area. Realized, these risks undermine physical condition of people doing key ore mining jobs underground. Relying on the target protein analysis, this study aimed to assess the job-related harm to the health of ore mining workers resulting from exposure to metals airborne in the work zone. The participants were involved in copper-nickel ores mining. To evaluate the impact of metals from the working zone air on their health, we conducted chemical, proteomic, statistical, and bioinformatic analyses on the collected samples and data. With the mean per-shift exposure to metals of up to 0.2 mg/m³ (up to 4 times the MPC), the blood supernatant concentrations of cobalt, chromium, nickel, copper, and manganese increased by 1.4 to 2.6 times in the study group compared to the control group. Comparison of proteomics datasets revealed 33 significantly different protein spots. In 15 of them, the change in intensity was related to the increased concentration of the considered metals in the supernatant. Identification and analysis of proteins from these spots revealed their association with impairments in the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. The identified proteins were involved in the development of oxidative stress, metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Proteomic analysis improves the prediction and early prevention of occupational adverse outcomes among the ore mining industry workers.
Received: 2025-05-26
Published online: 2025-06-25
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.132
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Original research Occupational burnout syndrome among medical university students and general practitioners
Kaminer DD, Selezneva MA, Kozelsky AS
Occupational burnout (OB) negatively affects the quality of medical care provided. The subject of occupational hygiene among medical students combining studying and work has not been investigated sufficiently. This study explores OB in medical university students and general practitioners who actively use information and communication technologies in their daily activities. The goal was to look into the features of OB in these cohorts, identify the main risk factors, and give burnout prevention and mitigation recommendations. We examined 140 general practitioners (94 females, 46 males) aged 27–75 years (mean age 46.16 years [95% CI: 35.49−56.83]). As for students, the participants were from the Pirogov University, 39 female and 25 male, aged 20-25 years (mean age 22.42 years [95% CI: 22.23–22.61]). To assess the risks of burnout, we used the Boyko questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The survey revealed clinically significant signs of OB in 96% of general practitioners and 16% of working students. According to the MBI's emotional exhaustion subscale the corresponding scales of the Boyko questionnaire, OB was significantly more prevalent among working students than among their peers who did not work (mean MBI scores 14.6 [95% CI: 10.8–18.4] and 12.7 [95% CI: 8.34–17.06], respectively, p = 0.00362; mean Boyko questionnaire scores 89.1 [95% CI: 72.9--105.3] and 74.7 [95% CI: 69.8–79.6], respectively, p < 0.00001)). Both tools show the clinical signs of OB to be significantly more severe among general practitioners than in the cohort of working students (p < 0.00001). It has been proven that students who combine work and study face a higher risk of OB due to increased academic and additional workloads, along with elevated stress levels.
Received: 2025-04-01
Published online: 2025-06-23
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.131
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Review The specifics of use of electronic devices by preschool children at home and the role of parental mediation
Reshetnikova IO, Markelova SV, Darishchev SA
Due to the development of digital technologies and their growing availability to all categories of the population, the age of children who regularly use electronic devices decreases. This article summarizes the results of the studies investigating the use of electronic devices by preschool children and describes the role of parents in organizing this type of activity for them. The data were collected from papers published from 2017 through 2024 and available in eLibrary, CyberLeninka, and PubMed. The analysis of the data revealed that most parents lack the skills needed to teach children to use electronic devices safely, and their awareness of the associated health disorders and preventive measures is insufficient. Therefore, the experience of using electronic devices by children, including preschoolers, may be negative, which necessitates efforts aimed at counseling parents and educating them about digital safety and the rules of controlling the relationship of their children with such devices.
Received: 2024-12-22
Published online: 2025-06-19
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.130
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VIEWS 66
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Original research Analysis of body mass index formation in children and adolescents of the Russian Federation
Levushkin SP, Milushkina OYu, Skoblina NA, Markelova SV, Tatarinchik AA, Ivanov MS
To prevent health problems in pediatric population, the Russian Federation (RF) is implementing the Complex of measures to combat obesity in children under 18 years of age, approved on  December 1, 2023, No. 18824-P12-TG. The study aimed to consider body mass index (BMI) formation in Russian children and adolescents in the regional aspect. As part of the all-Russian monitoring of the physical development of children and adolescents in 2021–2024, BMI of 258,611 boys and 252,629 girls living in 50 constituent entities of the RF was studied. Big data analysis has shown that in most regions there is a harmonious development of the child population and the indicators fit into the BMI 25th–75th centile for the RF as a whole, which is 19.6–22.9 kg/m2 in boys aged 17 and 18.7–22.3 kg/m2 in girls. At the same time, there is an influence of socio-economic factors. The analysis of the regional features of BMI formation in children and adolescents aged 7–17 years has shown that BMI has a higher value, the lower the place of the subject of the RF in terms of gross regional product.
Received: 2024-08-21
Published online: 2025-03-28
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.123
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VIEWS 1248
Original research The state of health of 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-year students of a medical university
Shestera AA, Trankovskaya LV
Today, preserving the health of medical students, who constitute the labor pool for Russia's healthcare system, is a strategically important task for both the state and society. The purpose of this work was to investigate the status of health of 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-year students of Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The students underwent a comprehensive examination at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. All in all, we examined 698 people in 2022 and 516 people in 2023. The examination was physical, focusing on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system, and also assessed the participants' mental health. Primary medical documentation was used as a source of information to assess the incidence of temporary disability and chronic non-communicable diseases of students. Data comparison was done using nonparametric statistical methods. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. We revealed a downward trend for the students' health indicators, which confirms their allocation into health status groups. At the beginning of the academic year, the 1s group was the largest, and by its end, the share of those reallocated to the 3rd group was significant, with the group including 33.1% of make participants and 36.8% of female participants.  This study substantiates the need for continued monitoring of the health status of students. The resulting data enable assessment of the students' health status and identification of priority preventive measures to be developed to preserve their health.
Received: 2024-10-29
Published online: 2025-03-26
DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2025.122
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VIEWS 1147
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